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Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: The importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups (2024)
Journal Article
Fu, M. X., Ingram, J., Roberts, C., Nurmi, V., Watkins, E., Dempsey, N., …Harvala, H. (2024). Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: The importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups. Vox Sanguinis, https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.13608

Background and Objectives Exclusion of blood donors with hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibodies (anti-HBc) prevents transfusion-transmitted HBV infection but can lead to significant donor loss. As isolated anti-HBc positivity does not always indica... Read More about Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: The importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups.

Ultrasensitive PCR system for HBV DNA detection: Risk stratification for occult hepatitis B virus infection in English blood donors (2023)
Journal Article
Fu, M. X., Simmonds, P., Andreani, J., Baklan, H., Webster, M., Asadi, R., …Harvala, H. (2023). Ultrasensitive PCR system for HBV DNA detection: Risk stratification for occult hepatitis B virus infection in English blood donors. Journal of Medical Virology, 95(10), Article e29144. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29144

Occult hepatitis B (HBV) infection (OBI), characterized by low viral loads, accounts for much of the risk of HBV transfusion-transmitted infection. With anticore antibodies (anti-HBc) screening introduced in England, the imperative to identify OBI do... Read More about Ultrasensitive PCR system for HBV DNA detection: Risk stratification for occult hepatitis B virus infection in English blood donors.

Mortality rates among patients successfully treated for hepatitis C in the era of interferon-free antivirals: population based cohort study (2023)
Journal Article
Hamill, V., Wong, S., Benselin, J., Krajden, M., Hayes, P. C., Mutimer, D., …Innes, H. (2023). Mortality rates among patients successfully treated for hepatitis C in the era of interferon-free antivirals: population based cohort study. BMJ, 382, Article e074001. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-074001

Objectives To quantify mortality rates for patients successfully treated for hepatitis C in the era of interferon-free, direct acting antivirals and compare these rates with those of the general population. Design Population based cohort study.... Read More about Mortality rates among patients successfully treated for hepatitis C in the era of interferon-free antivirals: population based cohort study.

Increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among UK pediatric patients on dialysis and kidney transplantation between January 2020 and August 2021 (2023)
Journal Article
Bamber, H. N., Kim, J. J., Reynolds, B. C., Afzaal, J., Lunn, A. J., Tighe, P. J., …Tarr, A. W. (2023). Increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among UK pediatric patients on dialysis and kidney transplantation between January 2020 and August 2021. Pediatric Nephrology, 38, 3745-3755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-023-05983-1

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11 March 2020, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly across the world. We investiga... Read More about Increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among UK pediatric patients on dialysis and kidney transplantation between January 2020 and August 2021.

Case Studies in Infectious Disease (2023)
Book
Lydyard, P., Cole, M., Holton, J., Irving, W., Porakishvili, N., Venkatesan, P., & Ward, K. (2023). Case Studies in Infectious Disease. (2nd edition). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003155447

Case Studies in Infectious Disease presents 40 case studies featuring the most important human infectious diseases worldwide. Fully revised and updated in this second edition, the book describes the natural history of infection from point of entry of... Read More about Case Studies in Infectious Disease.

Disparities in care and outcomes for primary liver cancer in England during 2008–2018: a cohort study of 8.52 million primary care population using the QResearch database (2023)
Journal Article
Liao, W., Coupland, C. A., Innes, H., Jepsen, P., Matthews, P. C., Campbell, C., …Welberry, C. (2023). Disparities in care and outcomes for primary liver cancer in England during 2008–2018: a cohort study of 8.52 million primary care population using the QResearch database. eClinicalMedicine, 59, Article 101969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101969

Background: Liver cancer has one of the fastest rising incidence and mortality rates among all cancers in the UK, but it receives little attention. This study aims to understand the disparities in epidemiology and clinical pathways of primary liver c... Read More about Disparities in care and outcomes for primary liver cancer in England during 2008–2018: a cohort study of 8.52 million primary care population using the QResearch database.

PRO-C3 is a predictor of clinical outcomes in distinct cohorts of patients with advanced liver disease (2023)
Journal Article
Nielsen, M. J., Dolman, G. E., Harris, R., Frederiksen, P., Chalmers, J., Grove, J. I., …Guha, I. N. (2023). PRO-C3 is a predictor of clinical outcomes in distinct cohorts of patients with advanced liver disease. JHEP Reports, 5(6), Article 100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100743

Background & Aims: Fibroblast activity is a key feature of fibrosis progression and organ function loss, leading to liver-related complications and mortality. The fibrogenesis marker, PRO-C3, has been shown to have prognostic significance in relation... Read More about PRO-C3 is a predictor of clinical outcomes in distinct cohorts of patients with advanced liver disease.

Delivery of biannual ultrasound surveillance for individuals with cirrhosis and cured hepatitis C in the UK (2023)
Journal Article
Hamill, V., Gelson, W., MacDonald, D., Richardson, P., Ryder, S. D., Aldersley, M., …Innes, H. (2023). Delivery of biannual ultrasound surveillance for individuals with cirrhosis and cured hepatitis C in the UK. Liver International, 43(4), 917-927. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15528

Background: Previous studies show the uptake of biannual ultrasound (US) surveillance in patients with cirrhosis is suboptimal. Here, our goal was to understand in broader terms how surveillance is being delivered to cirrhosis patients with cured hep... Read More about Delivery of biannual ultrasound surveillance for individuals with cirrhosis and cured hepatitis C in the UK.

Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination (2022)
Journal Article
Adeboyejo, K., King, B., Tsoleridis, T., Tarr, A. W., McLauchlan, J., Irving, W. L., …McClure, C. P. (2023). Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination. Journal of Medical Virology, 95(1), Article e28178. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28178

Background andAims: The newly developed direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cure rates as high as 98% in some cohorts. Although genome sequencing has demonstrated that some subtypes of H... Read More about Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination.

Genetic variation in TERT modifies the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related cirrhosis: Results from a genome-wide case-control study (2022)
Journal Article
Buch, S., Innes, H., Lutz, P. L., Nischalke, H. D., Marquardt, J. U., Fischer, J., …Stickel, F. (2022). Genetic variation in TERT modifies the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related cirrhosis: Results from a genome-wide case-control study. Gut, https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327196

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis at an annual risk of up to 2.5%. Some host genetic risk factors have been identified but do not account for the majority of the variance in occurrence... Read More about Genetic variation in TERT modifies the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related cirrhosis: Results from a genome-wide case-control study.

Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes (2022)
Journal Article
Chellapuri, A., Smitheman, M., Chappell, J. G., Clark, G., Howson-Wells, H. C., Berry, L., …McClure, C. P. (2022). Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 16(6), 1122-1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13012

Background: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) comprise of four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (HPIV1&3) and Orthorubulavirus (HPIV2&4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particula... Read More about Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes.

Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity (2022)
Journal Article
Howson-Wells, H. C., Tsoleridis, T., Zainuddin, I., Tarr, A. W., Irving, W. L., Ball, J. K., …McClure, C. P. (2022). Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity. Microbial Genomics, 8(5), https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000825

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has recently been identified in biennial epidemics coinciding with diagnoses of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis/myelitis (AFP/AFM). We investigated the prevalence, genetic relatedness and associated clinical features of EV-... Read More about Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity.

Sero-reactivity to three distinct regions within the hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP/core+1) in patients with chronic HCV genotype-3 infection (2022)
Journal Article
Elsheikh, M. E. A., Patrick McClure, C., Tarr, A. W., & Irving, W. L. (2022). Sero-reactivity to three distinct regions within the hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP/core+1) in patients with chronic HCV genotype-3 infection. Journal of General Virology, 103(3), Article 001727. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001727

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects more than 71 million people worldwide. The disease slowly progresses to chronic, long-term liver injury which leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 5 % of infections. The alternative reading frame protei... Read More about Sero-reactivity to three distinct regions within the hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP/core+1) in patients with chronic HCV genotype-3 infection.

Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Standard Validated, Genetic, and Novel Biomarkers to Enhance Prognostic Risk-Stratification in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis (2022)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Walker, A. J., Benselin, J., Grove, J. I., Pedergnana, V., Azim Ansari, M., …Guha, I. N. (2022). Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Standard Validated, Genetic, and Novel Biomarkers to Enhance Prognostic Risk-Stratification in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 13(3), Article e00462. https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000462

INTRODUCTION: Risk-stratifying patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis according to medium-term prognosis will inform clinical decision-making. It is unclear which biomarkers/models are optimal for this purpose. We quantified the discriminati... Read More about Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Standard Validated, Genetic, and Novel Biomarkers to Enhance Prognostic Risk-Stratification in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis.

Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes (2022)
Working Paper
Chellapuri, A., Smitheman, M., Chappell, J. G., Clark, G., Howson-Wells, H. C., Berry, L., …McClure, C. P. Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes

Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are constituted by four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (type 1 and 3) and Orthorubulavirus (type 2 and 4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections in both childre... Read More about Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes.

Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators and Specialized Proresolving Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Correlate With Markers of the Adaptive Immune Response (2022)
Journal Article
Turnbull, J., Jha, R. R., Ortori, C. A., Lunt, E., Tighe, P. J., Irving, W. L., …Chapman, V. (2022). Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators and Specialized Proresolving Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Correlate With Markers of the Adaptive Immune Response. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225(12), 2142-2154. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab632

BACKGROUND: Specialized proresolution molecules (SPMs) halt the transition to chronic pathogenic inflammation. We aimed to quantify serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-C... Read More about Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators and Specialized Proresolving Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Correlate With Markers of the Adaptive Immune Response.

The rs429358 Locus in Apolipoprotein E Is Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis (2021)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Nischalke, H. D., Guha, I. N., Weiss, K. H., Irving, W., Gotthardt, D., …Buch, S. (2022). The rs429358 Locus in Apolipoprotein E Is Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis. Hepatology Communications, 6(5), 1213-1226. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1886

The host genetic background for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine if four germline genetic polymorphisms, rs429358 in apolipoprotein E (APOE), rs2642438 in mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1 (M... Read More about The rs429358 Locus in Apolipoprotein E Is Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis.

The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks (2021)
Journal Article
Francis, R. V., Billam, H., Clarke, M., Yates, C., Tsoleridis, T., Berry, L., …McClure, C. P. (2022). The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab483

Nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have severely affected bed capacity and patient flow. We utilized whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify outbreaks and focus infection control resources and interve... Read More about The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks.

Immunocompromised children and young people are at no increased risk of severe COVID-19 (2021)
Journal Article
Chappell, H., Patel, R., Driessens, C., Tarr, A. W., Irving, W. L., Tighe, P. J., …de Graaf, H. (2022). Immunocompromised children and young people are at no increased risk of severe COVID-19. Journal of Infection, 84(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.11.005

Objectives: We aimed to prospectively describe the incidence and clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised paediatric patients in the UK. Methods: From March 2020 to 2021 weekly questionnaires were sent to immunocompromised paedi... Read More about Immunocompromised children and young people are at no increased risk of severe COVID-19.

Viral genome wide association study identifies novel hepatitis C virus polymorphisms associated with sofosbuvir treatment failure (2021)
Journal Article
Smith, D. A., Fernandez-Antunez, C., Magri, A., Bowden, R., Chaturvedi, N., Fellay, J., …Ansari, M. A. (2021). Viral genome wide association study identifies novel hepatitis C virus polymorphisms associated with sofosbuvir treatment failure. Nature Communications, 12(1), Article 6105. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25649-6

Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease, worldwide. With the development of direct-acting antivirals, treatment of chronically infected patients has become highly effective, although a subset of patients... Read More about Viral genome wide association study identifies novel hepatitis C virus polymorphisms associated with sofosbuvir treatment failure.

Performance of models to predict hepatocellular carcinoma risk among UK patients with cirrhosis and cured HCV infection (2021)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Jepsen, P., McDonald, S., Dillon, J., Hamill, V., Yeung, A., …Guha, I. N. (2021). Performance of models to predict hepatocellular carcinoma risk among UK patients with cirrhosis and cured HCV infection. JHEP Reports, 3(6), Article 100384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100384

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models can inform clinical decisions about HCC screening provided their predictions are robust. We conducted an external validation of 6 HCC prediction models for UK patients with cirrhosis... Read More about Performance of models to predict hepatocellular carcinoma risk among UK patients with cirrhosis and cured HCV infection.

Guillain–Barré Syndrome Variant Occurring after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination (2021)
Journal Article
Allen, C. M., Ramsamy, S., Tarr, A. W., Tighe, P. J., Irving, W. L., Tanasescu, R., & Evans, J. R. (2021). Guillain–Barré Syndrome Variant Occurring after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Annals of Neurology, 90(2), 315-318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26144

Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are very safe, we report 4 cases of the bifacial weakness with paresthesias variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) occurring within 3 weeks of vaccination with the Oxford–AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This rare neurol... Read More about Guillain–Barré Syndrome Variant Occurring after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.

Gold–Oligonucleotide Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences (2021)
Journal Article
Chauhan, V. M., Elsutohy, M. M., McClure, C. P., Irving, W. L., Roddis, N., & Aylott, J. W. (2021). Gold–Oligonucleotide Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences. Biosensors, 11(7), Article 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11070238

Enteroviruses are ubiquitous mammalian pathogens that can produce mild to life-threatening disease. We developed a multimodal, rapid, accurate and economical point-of-care biosensor that can detect nucleic acid sequences conserved amongst 96% of all... Read More about Gold–Oligonucleotide Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences.

Real world SOF/VEL/VOX retreatment outcomes and viral resistance analysis for HCV patients with prior failure to DAA therapy (2021)
Journal Article
Smith, D. A., Bradshaw, D., Mbisa, J., Manso, C. F., Bibby, D., Singer, J., …Irving, W. L. (2021). Real world SOF/VEL/VOX retreatment outcomes and viral resistance analysis for HCV patients with prior failure to DAA therapy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 28(9), 1256-1264. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13549

Sustained viral response (SVR) rates for direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection routinely exceed 95%. However, a small number of patients require retreatment. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX)... Read More about Real world SOF/VEL/VOX retreatment outcomes and viral resistance analysis for HCV patients with prior failure to DAA therapy.

Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study (2020)
Journal Article
Blake, H., Corner, J., Cirelli, C., Hassard, J., Briggs, L., Daly, J. M., …Ball, J. (2021). Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010188

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study co... Read More about Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Impact of direct-acting antiviral agents on liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2020)
Journal Article
Johnson, P. J., Berhane, S., Walker, A. J., Gordon, F. H., Ryder, S. D., McPherson, S., …HCV Research UK. (2021). Impact of direct-acting antiviral agents on liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 28(1), 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13408

© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Viral Hepatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Whilst the benefit of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in achieving sustained virological response (SVR) is now well-accepted, their impact on liver function, pa... Read More about Impact of direct-acting antiviral agents on liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017 (2020)
Journal Article
Howson-Wells, H. C., Winckles, S., Aliker, C., Tarr, A. W., Irving, W. L., Clark, G., & McClure, C. P. (2020). Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017. Journal of Clinical Virology, 132, Article 104646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104646

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Human enteroviruses (EV) are the leading cause of viral meningitis. EV genotyping is predominantly performed through amplification and sequencing of viral capsid protein-1 (VP1), frequently by national reference labor... Read More about Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017.

aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis (2020)
Journal Article
Fan, R., Papatheodoridis, G., Sun, J., Innes, H., Toyoda, H., Xie, Q., …Hou, J. (2020). aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis. Journal of Hepatology, 73(6), 1368-1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.025

© 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic hepatitis. In this international collaboration, we sought to develop a global universal HC... Read More about aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis.

Genome-wide Association Study for Alcohol-related Cirrhosis Identifies Risk Loci in MARC1 and HNRNPUL1. (2020)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Buch, S., Hutchinson, S., Guha, I. N., Morling, J. R., Barnes, E., …Stickel, F. (2020). Genome-wide Association Study for Alcohol-related Cirrhosis Identifies Risk Loci in MARC1 and HNRNPUL1. Gastroenterology, 159(4), 1276-1289.e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.014

Copyright © 2020 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. BACKGROUND & AIMS: Little is known about genetic factors that affect development of alcohol-related cirrhosis. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of samp... Read More about Genome-wide Association Study for Alcohol-related Cirrhosis Identifies Risk Loci in MARC1 and HNRNPUL1..

Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing (2020)
Journal Article
Astbury, S., Nunes Soares, M. M. D. C., Peprah, E., King, B., Jardim, A. C. G., Shimizu, J. F., …McClure, P. (2020). Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing. Journal of Clinical Virology, 129, Article 104483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104483

© 2020 Background: Effective drug regimens for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are essential to achieve the World Health Organisation commitment to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Lamivudine (3TC) is widely used in countries wi... Read More about Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing.

Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort (2020)
Journal Article
Bagasi, A. A., Howson-Wells, H. C., Clark, G., Tarr, A. W., Soo, S., Irving, W. L., & McClure, C. P. (2020). Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort. Journal of Clinical Virology, 129, Article 104453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104453

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Since its first isolation in 2005, Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been repeatedly associated with acute respiratory tract infections, although its role in pathogenicity remains unclear due to high co-infection rates. Obje... Read More about Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort.

Cost effectiveness of an intervention to increase uptake of hepatitis C virus testing and treatment (HepCATT): cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care (2020)
Journal Article
Roberts, K., Macleod, J., Metcalfe, C., Hollingworth, W., Williams, J., Muir, P., …Hickman, M. (2020). Cost effectiveness of an intervention to increase uptake of hepatitis C virus testing and treatment (HepCATT): cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. BMJ, 368(368), Article m322. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m322

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of... Read More about Cost effectiveness of an intervention to increase uptake of hepatitis C virus testing and treatment (HepCATT): cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care.

Cost?effectiveness of the HepCATT intervention in specialist drug clinics to improve case?finding and engagement with HCV treatment for people who inject drugs in England (2020)
Journal Article
Ward, Z., Reynolds, R., Campbell, L., Martin, N. K., Harrison, G., Irving, W., …Vickerman, P. (2020). Cost‐effectiveness of the HepCATT intervention in specialist drug clinics to improve case‐finding and engagement with HCV treatment for people who inject drugs in England. Addiction, 115(8), 1509-1521. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14978

Interferon lambda 4 impacts the genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus (2019)
Journal Article
Ansari, M. A., Aranday-Cortes, E., Lc, C., Da Silva Filipe, A., Hin, L. S., Bamford, C. G., …Pedergnana, V. (2019). Interferon lambda 4 impacts the genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus. eLife, 2019(8), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42463

© Ansari et al. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly variable pathogen that frequently establishes chronic infection. This genetic variability is affected by the adaptive immune response but the contribution of other host factors is unclear. Here, we... Read More about Interferon lambda 4 impacts the genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus.

Efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals: UK real‐world data from a well‐characterised predominantly cirrhotic HCV cohort (2019)
Journal Article
Macken, L., Gelson, W., Priest, M., Abouda, G., Barclay, S., Fraser, A., …Verma, S. (2019). Efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals: UK real‐world data from a well‐characterised predominantly cirrhotic HCV cohort. Journal of Medical Virology, 91(11), 1979-1988. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25552

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionised the management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We describe UK real-world DAA experience. Individuals commencing HCV treatment containing a DAA regimen (Mar 2014-Nov 2016), participatin... Read More about Efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals: UK real‐world data from a well‐characterised predominantly cirrhotic HCV cohort.

Amino Acid Substitutions in Genotype 3a Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase Protein Affect Responses to Sofosbuvir (2019)
Journal Article
Wing, P. A., Jones, M., Cheung, M., DaSilva, S., Bamford, C., Jason Lee, W., …Foster, G. R. (2019). Amino Acid Substitutions in Genotype 3a Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase Protein Affect Responses to Sofosbuvir. Gastroenterology, 157(3), 692-704.e9. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.007

Background & Aims: Sofosbuvir is a frequently used pan-genotype inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase. This drug eliminates most chronic HCV infections and resistance-associated substitutions in the polymerase are rare. However, HCV genotyp... Read More about Amino Acid Substitutions in Genotype 3a Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase Protein Affect Responses to Sofosbuvir.

Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses (2019)
Journal Article
Irving, W. L., Jalal, P. J., Urbanowicz, R. A., Horncastle, E., Pathak, M., Goddard, C., …Tarr, A. W. (2019). Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 68(4), 642-648. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000935

The liver-expressed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mannose binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 contribute to the innate immune response by activating complement. Binding of soluble ficolin-2 to viral pathogens can directly neutralize... Read More about Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses.

Testing for hepatitis C virus infection in UK prisons: what actually happens? (2019)
Journal Article
Jack, K., Thomson, B. J., & Irving, W. L. (2019). Testing for hepatitis C virus infection in UK prisons: what actually happens?. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 26(6), 644-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13071

Prisons are a key demographic in the drive to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a major public health threat. We have assessed the impact of the recently introduced national opt-out policy on the current status of HCV testing in 14 prisons in the... Read More about Testing for hepatitis C virus infection in UK prisons: what actually happens?.

The Hepatitis C Awareness Through to Treatment (HepCATT) study: improving the cascade of care for hepatitis C virus-infected people who inject drugs in England (2019)
Journal Article
Harrison, G. I., Murray, K., Gore, R., Lee, P., Sreedharan, A., Richardson, P., …Irving, W. L. (2019). The Hepatitis C Awareness Through to Treatment (HepCATT) study: improving the cascade of care for hepatitis C virus-infected people who inject drugs in England. Addiction, 114(6), 1113-1122. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14569

Background and Aims: Previous studies have shown low rates of diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in people who inject drugs (PWID). Our aims were to test the effect of a complex intervention (“HepCATT”) in drug and alcohol c... Read More about The Hepatitis C Awareness Through to Treatment (HepCATT) study: improving the cascade of care for hepatitis C virus-infected people who inject drugs in England.

SOX9 regulated matrix proteins are increased in patients serum and correlate with severity of liver fibrosis (2018)
Journal Article
Athwal, V. S., Pritchett, J., Martin, K., Llewellyn, J., Scott, J., Harvey, E., …Hanley, K. P. (2018). SOX9 regulated matrix proteins are increased in patients serum and correlate with severity of liver fibrosis. Scientific Reports, 8(1), Article 17905. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36037-4

Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and resultant scar play a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Identifying core regulators of ECM deposition may lead to urgently needed diagnostic and therapetic strategies for the d... Read More about SOX9 regulated matrix proteins are increased in patients serum and correlate with severity of liver fibrosis.

Short-term changes observed in multi-parametric liver MRI following therapy with direct acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C virus patients (2018)
Journal Article
Bradley, C., Scott, R., Cox, E., Palaniyappan, N., Thompson, B., Ryder, D., …Francis, S. (2019). Short-term changes observed in multi-parametric liver MRI following therapy with direct acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C virus patients. European Radiology, 29(6), 3100–3107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5788-1

Methods: We applied multiparametric MRI to assess changes in liver composition, perfusion and blood flow in 17 patients before DAA therapy and after treatment completion (within 12 weeks of last DAA tablet swallowed). Results: We observed changes in... Read More about Short-term changes observed in multi-parametric liver MRI following therapy with direct acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C virus patients.

Enhanced nanoparticle uptake into virus infected cells: could nanoparticles be useful in antiviral therapy? (2018)
Journal Article
Abo-zeid, Y., Urbanowicz, R. A., Thomson, B. J., Irving, W. L., Tarr, A. W., & Garnett, M. C. (2018). Enhanced nanoparticle uptake into virus infected cells: could nanoparticles be useful in antiviral therapy?. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 547(1-2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.027

Virus infections cause diseases of different severity ranged from mild infection e.g. common cold into life threatening diseases e.g. Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B. Virus infections represent 44% of newly emerging infections. Althou... Read More about Enhanced nanoparticle uptake into virus infected cells: could nanoparticles be useful in antiviral therapy?.

Synthesis of nucleoside-boronic esters hydrophobic pro-drugs: a possible route to improve hydrophilic nucleoside drug loading into polymer nanoparticles (2018)
Journal Article
Abo-zeid, Y., Mantovani, G., Irving, W. L., & Garnett, M. (2018). Synthesis of nucleoside-boronic esters hydrophobic pro-drugs: a possible route to improve hydrophilic nucleoside drug loading into polymer nanoparticles. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.027

Nucleoside analogues are active therapeutic agents for different types of diseases e.g. Cancer and virus infections. However, they are associated with several side effects due to off-target accumulation. Particulate delivery systems such as nanoparti... Read More about Synthesis of nucleoside-boronic esters hydrophobic pro-drugs: a possible route to improve hydrophilic nucleoside drug loading into polymer nanoparticles.

Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus (2018)
Journal Article
Llibre, A., Shimakawa, Y., Mottez, E., Ainsworth, S., Buivan, T., Firth, R., …Duffy, D. (2018). Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus. Gut, 67(11), 2017-2024. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315783

Objective: Recently approved direct acting antivirals provide transformative therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The major clinical challenge remains to identify the undiagnosed patients worldwide, many of whom live in low-income... Read More about Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus.

Pretreatment lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hepatitis C virus infection diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma after initiating direct-acting antiviral therapy (2018)
Journal Article
Scott, R. A., Aithal, G. P., Francis, S. T., & Irving, W. L. (2018). Pretreatment lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hepatitis C virus infection diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma after initiating direct-acting antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology, 154(6), https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.047

Understanding hepatitis C intervention success: qualitative findings from the HepCATT study (2018)
Journal Article
Harris, M., Bonnington, O., Harrison, G., Hickman, M., & Irving, W. L. (in press). Understanding hepatitis C intervention success: qualitative findings from the HepCATT study. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12869

The United Kingdom has committed to eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat. Innovative interventions for marginalized populations are required to realize this goal. In 2016, the HepCATT study team implemented a complex hepatitis C (HCV... Read More about Understanding hepatitis C intervention success: qualitative findings from the HepCATT study.

Hepatic elastin content is predictive of adverse outcome in advanced fibrotic liver disease (2018)
Journal Article
Kendall, T., Dolman, G., Duff, C., Paish, E. C., Zaitoun, A., Irving, W. L., …Guha, I. N. (2018). Hepatic elastin content is predictive of adverse outcome in advanced fibrotic liver disease. Histopathology, 73(1), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13499

Aims. Needle biopsy remains essential for diagnosis in assessment of liver disease, although there remains associated risk. Examination is largely limited to subjective evaluation and biopsies are not exploited to provide personalised prognostic info... Read More about Hepatic elastin content is predictive of adverse outcome in advanced fibrotic liver disease.

Host genetic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review (2018)
Journal Article
Walker, A. J., Peacock, C. J., Pedergnana, V., & Irving, W. L. (in press). Host genetic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 25(5), https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12871

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Individuals at heightened riskcould be targeted by intensive follow-up surveillance. We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to identi... Read More about Host genetic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review.

Establishing the cascade of care for hepatitis C in England-benchmarking to monitor impact of direct acting antivirals (2017)
Journal Article
Simmons, R., Ireland, G., Irving, W., Hickman, M., Sabin, C., Ijaz, S., …Mandal, S. (in press). Establishing the cascade of care for hepatitis C in England-benchmarking to monitor impact of direct acting antivirals. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12844

Little is known about engagement and retention in care of people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in England. Establishing a cascade of care informs targeted interventions for improving case-finding, referral, treatment uptake and retention i... Read More about Establishing the cascade of care for hepatitis C in England-benchmarking to monitor impact of direct acting antivirals.

SOX9 predicts progression towards cirrhosis in patients while its loss protects against liver fibrosis (2017)
Journal Article
Athwal, V. S., Pritchett, J., Llewellyn, J., Martin, K., Camacho, E., Raza, S. M., …Hanley, K. P. (in press). SOX9 predicts progression towards cirrhosis in patients while its loss protects against liver fibrosis. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 9(12), https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201707860

Fibrosis and organ failure is a common endpoint for many chronic liver diseases. Much is known about the upstream inflammatory mechanisms provoking fibrosis and downstream potential for tissue remodeling. However, less is known about the transcriptio... Read More about SOX9 predicts progression towards cirrhosis in patients while its loss protects against liver fibrosis.

Prevalence of a history of prior varicella/herpes zoster infection in multiple sclerosis (2017)
Journal Article
Manouchehrinia, A., Tanasescu, R., Kareem, H., Jerca, O. P., Jabeen, F., Shafei, R., …Constantinescu, C. S. (in press). Prevalence of a history of prior varicella/herpes zoster infection in multiple sclerosis. Journal of NeuroVirology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-017-0569-1

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), but direct causal involvement has been disputed. Nevertheless, knowledge of VZV exposure is important, given the risk of serious complications of first exposure wh... Read More about Prevalence of a history of prior varicella/herpes zoster infection in multiple sclerosis.

Comorbidities and medications of patients with chronic hepatitis C under specialist care in the UK (2017)
Journal Article
Hudson, B., Walker, A. J., & Irving, W. L. (2017). Comorbidities and medications of patients with chronic hepatitis C under specialist care in the UK. Journal of Medical Virology, 89(12), 2158-2164. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24848

© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Designing services with the capacity and expertise to meet the needs of the chronic hepatitis C (CHC) population in the era of direct acting antivirals (DAAs), and w... Read More about Comorbidities and medications of patients with chronic hepatitis C under specialist care in the UK.

MBOAT7 rs641738 increases risk of liver inflammation and transition to fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (2016)
Journal Article
International Liver Disease Genetics Consortium, Thabet, K., Asimakopoulos, A., Shojaei, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Mangia, A., …Eslam, M. (2016). MBOAT7 rs641738 increases risk of liver inflammation and transition to fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Nature Communications, 7(1), Article 12757. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12757

© 2016 The Author(s). Cirrhosis likely shares common pathophysiological pathways despite arising from a variety of liver diseases. A recent GWAS identified rs641738, a polymorphism in the MBOAT7 locus, as being associated with the development of alco... Read More about MBOAT7 rs641738 increases risk of liver inflammation and transition to fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.

Outcomes after successful direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis (2016)
Journal Article
Cheung, M. C., Walker, A. J., Hudson, B. E., Verma, S., McLauchlan, J., Mutimer, D. J., …Irving, W. L. (2016). Outcomes after successful direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology, 65(4), 741-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.06.019

Direct-acting antivirals have become widely used for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection with decompensated cirrhosis. Virological responses are excellent and early improvements in liver function, at least in a proportion of patients, h... Read More about Outcomes after successful direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis.

Impact of direct acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis (2016)
Journal Article
Foster, G. R., Irving, W. L., Cheung, M. C., Walker, A. J., Hudson, B. E., Verma, S., …Agarwal, K. (2016). Impact of direct acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology, 64(6), 1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.029

© 2016 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Background & Aims All oral direct acting antivirals (DAAs) effectively treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the benefits in advanced liver disease are unclear. We compared outcom... Read More about Impact of direct acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis.

Clinical care pathways for patients with hepatitis C: reducing critical barriers to effective treatment. (2016)
Journal Article
Howes, N., Lattimore, S., Irving, W. L., & Thomson, B. J. (2016). Clinical care pathways for patients with hepatitis C: reducing critical barriers to effective treatment. 00 Journal not listed, 3(1), doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv218

Background: Engagement of individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) with care pathways remains a major barrier to realizing the benefits of new and more effective antiviral therapies. After an exploratory study, we have undertaken an evidence... Read More about Clinical care pathways for patients with hepatitis C: reducing critical barriers to effective treatment..

A diverse panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance (2015)
Journal Article
Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, P., Brown, R. J., Tsoleridis, T., Persson, M. A., Krey, T., …Tarr, A. W. (2016). A diverse panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance. Journal of Virology, 90(7), 3288-3301. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02700-15

Despite significant advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the need to develop preventative vaccines remains. Identification of the best vaccine candidates and evaluation of their performance in preclinical and clinical devel... Read More about A diverse panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance.

Serum autoantibody measurement for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)
Journal Article
Middleton, C. H., Irving, W., Robertson, J. F., Murray, A., Parsy-Kowalska, C. B., Macdonald, I. K., …Thomson, B. J. (2014). Serum autoantibody measurement for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS ONE, 9(8), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103867

Background: Individuals with liver disease, and especially those with Hepatitis B or C, are at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Inadequate screening... Read More about Serum autoantibody measurement for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Recombinant Human L-Ficolin Directly Neutralizes Hepatitis C Virus Entry (2014)
Journal Article
Hamed, M. R., Brown, R. J., Zothner, C., Urbanowicz, R. A., Mason, C. P., Krarup, A., …Tarr, A. W. (2014). Recombinant Human L-Ficolin Directly Neutralizes Hepatitis C Virus Entry. Journal of Innate Immunity, 6(5), 676-684. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362209

L-ficolin is a soluble pattern recognition molecule expressed by the liver that contributes to innate immune defense against microorganisms. It is well described that binding of L-ficolin to specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns activates t... Read More about Recombinant Human L-Ficolin Directly Neutralizes Hepatitis C Virus Entry.

Multiplex protein analysis to determine fibrosis stage and progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (2014)
Journal Article
Patel, K., Remlinger, K. S., Walker, T. G., Leitner, P., Lucas, J. E., Gardner, S. D., …Guha, I. N. (2014). Multiplex protein analysis to determine fibrosis stage and progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 12(12), 2113-2120.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.037

Background & Aims: Noninvasive tests cannot differentiate between adjacent stages of fibrosis, which limits assessment of disease progression and regression during therapy. We investigated whether levels of cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins... Read More about Multiplex protein analysis to determine fibrosis stage and progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C..

Using surveillance data to determine treatment rates and outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2014)
Journal Article
Lattimore, S., Irving, W. L., Collins, S., Penman, C., & Ramsay, M. (2014). Using surveillance data to determine treatment rates and outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology, 59(4), 1343-1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26926

The aim of this work was to develop and validate an algorithm to monitor rates of, and response to, treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) across England using routine laboratory HCV RNA testing data. HCV testing activity between... Read More about Using surveillance data to determine treatment rates and outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies (2014)
Journal Article
Edwards, V. C., McClure, P., Brown, R. J., Thompson, E., Irving, W. L., & Ball, J. K. (in press). Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies. Journal of General Virology, 95(1), https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.057828-0

Sequence analysis is used to define the molecular epidemiology and evolution of the hepatitis C virus. Whilst most studies have shown that individual patients harbour viruses that are derived from a limited number of highly related strains, some rece... Read More about Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies.

The cost of treatment failure: resource use and costs incurred by hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients who do or do not achieve sustained virological response to therapy (2013)
Journal Article
Backx, M., Lewszuk, A., White, J., Cole, J., Sreedharan, A., van Sanden, S., …Irving, W. L. (2014). The cost of treatment failure: resource use and costs incurred by hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients who do or do not achieve sustained virological response to therapy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 21(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12132

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection places a considerable economic burden on health services. Cost-effectiveness analyses of antiviral treatment for patients with chronic HCV infection are dependent on assumptions about cost reductions followin... Read More about The cost of treatment failure: resource use and costs incurred by hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients who do or do not achieve sustained virological response to therapy.

Act now against new NHS competition regulations (2013)
Journal Article
Davis, J., Banks, I., Wrigley, D., Peedell, C., Pollock, A., McPherson, K., …Chandy, R. (2013). Act now against new NHS competition regulations. BMJ, 346, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f1819

An open letter to the BMA and the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges calls on them to make a joint public statement of opposition to the amended section 75 regulations

Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: Genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype (2011)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Urbanowicz, R. A., Hamed, M. R., Albecka, A., McClure, C. P., Brown, R. J., …Ball, J. K. (2011). Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: Genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype. Journal of Virology, 85(9), 4246-4257. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01332-10

Neutralizing antibodies have a role in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A successful vaccine will need to elicit potently neutralizing antibodies that are capable of preventing the infection of genetically diverse viral isolates. Howeve... Read More about Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: Genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype.

Increasing uptake of hepatitis C virus infection case- finding, testing, and treatment in primary care: evaluation of the HepCATT (Hepatitis C Assessment Through to Treatment) trial (2009)
Journal Article
Horwood, J., Clement, C., Roberts, K., Waldron, C., Irving, W., Macleod, J., & Hickman, M. (2009). Increasing uptake of hepatitis C virus infection case- finding, testing, and treatment in primary care: evaluation of the HepCATT (Hepatitis C Assessment Through to Treatment) trial. Journal of Clinical Virology, 44(2), https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x708785

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a key cause of liver disease but can be cured in more than 95% of patients. Around 70 000 people in England may have undiagnosed HCV infection and many more will not have been treated. Interventions to... Read More about Increasing uptake of hepatitis C virus infection case- finding, testing, and treatment in primary care: evaluation of the HepCATT (Hepatitis C Assessment Through to Treatment) trial.

Association of antibodies to hepatitis C virus glycoproteins 1 and 2 (anti-E1E2) with HCV disease (2008)
Journal Article
Hamed, M. R., Tarr, A. W., McClure, C. P., Ball, J. K., Hickling, T. P., & Irving, W. L. (2008). Association of antibodies to hepatitis C virus glycoproteins 1 and 2 (anti-E1E2) with HCV disease. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 15(5), 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00947.x

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic liver diseases in humans. Its two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, provide a target for host immune recognition. HCV genotypes are classified into six genetic groups. To study the role of anti-HCV E1... Read More about Association of antibodies to hepatitis C virus glycoproteins 1 and 2 (anti-E1E2) with HCV disease.

Determination of the human antibody response to the epitope defined by the hepatitis C virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33 (2007)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Owsianka, A. M., Jayaraj, D., Brown, R. J., Hickling, T. P., Irving, W. L., …Ball, J. K. (2007). Determination of the human antibody response to the epitope defined by the hepatitis C virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33. Journal of General Virology, 88(11), 2991-3001. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83065-0

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and there is a pressing need for the development of a preventative vaccine as well as new treatments. It was recently demonstrated that the mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) AP33 poten... Read More about Determination of the human antibody response to the epitope defined by the hepatitis C virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33.

Cross-genotype characterization of genetic diversity and molecular adaptation in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein genes (2007)
Journal Article
Brown, R. J., Tarr, A. W., McClure, C. P., Juttla, V. S., Tagiuri, N., Irving, W. L., & Ball, J. K. (2007). Cross-genotype characterization of genetic diversity and molecular adaptation in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein genes. Journal of General Virology, 88(2), 458-469. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82357-0

Investigation of the mechanisms underlying hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein gene evolution will greatly assist rational development of broadly neutralizing antibody-based vaccines or vaccine components. Previously, comprehensive cross-ge... Read More about Cross-genotype characterization of genetic diversity and molecular adaptation in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein genes.

General practice characteristics associated with rates of testing and detection of hepatitis C: Cross-sectional study in Nottingham and Derbyshire (2006)
Journal Article
Coupland, C., Hippisley-Cox, J., Smith, S., Irving, W., Pringle, M., Ryder, S., …Bullock, D. (2006). General practice characteristics associated with rates of testing and detection of hepatitis C: Cross-sectional study in Nottingham and Derbyshire. British Journal of General Practice, 56(529), 620-623

The aim of this study was to determine general practice characteristics associated with testing rates for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the proportion of tests with a positive result. The study included all patients tested for HCV from all general prac... Read More about General practice characteristics associated with rates of testing and detection of hepatitis C: Cross-sectional study in Nottingham and Derbyshire.

Evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis C virus envelope genes during chronic infection (2005)
Journal Article
Brown, R. J., Juttla, V. S., Tarr, A. W., Finnis, R., Irving, W. L., Hemsley, S., …Ball, J. K. (2005). Evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis C virus envelope genes during chronic infection. Journal of General Virology, 86(7), 1931-1942. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80957-0

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are important targets for the host immune response. The genes encoding these proteins exhibit a high degree of variability that gives rise to differing phenotypic traits, including alterations... Read More about Evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis C virus envelope genes during chronic infection.

Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study
Working Paper
Blake, H., Corner, J., Cirelli, C., Hassard, J., Briggs, L., Daly, J. M., …Ball, J. Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study

We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot COVID-19 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study comprised of an online survey, and thematic analysis of qualit... Read More about Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study.