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The Hazard of Negative (Not Neutral) Trials on Treatment of Acute Stroke: A Review (2019)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Appleton, J. P., & England, T. (2020). The Hazard of Negative (Not Neutral) Trials on Treatment of Acute Stroke: A Review. JAMA Neurology, 77(1), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4107

Importance: While there are a limited number of beneficial treatments for acute stroke (eg, stroke units, reperfusion, aspirin, hemicraniectomy), there are more negative (as opposed to neutral) interventions spanning multiple different mechanisms of... Read More about The Hazard of Negative (Not Neutral) Trials on Treatment of Acute Stroke: A Review.

Noncontrast Computed Tomography Signs as Predictors of Hematoma Expansion, Clinical Outcome and Response to Tranexamic Acid in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2019)
Journal Article
Law, Z. K., Ali, A., Krishnan, K., Bischoff, A., Appleton, J., Scutt, P., …Sprigg, N. (2020). Noncontrast Computed Tomography Signs as Predictors of Hematoma Expansion, Clinical Outcome and Response to Tranexamic Acid in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke, 51(1), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.026128

Background and purpose Blend, black hole and island signs and hypodensities are reported to predict hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We explored the value of these noncontrast CT (NCCT) signs in predicting hematoma expan... Read More about Noncontrast Computed Tomography Signs as Predictors of Hematoma Expansion, Clinical Outcome and Response to Tranexamic Acid in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Prehospital Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate for Ultra-Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2019)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Woodhouse, L. J., Krishnan, K., Appleton, J. P., Anderson, C. S., Berge, E., …Sprigg, N. (2019). Prehospital Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate for Ultra-Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke, 50(11), 3064-3071. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.026389

Background and Purpose— Pilot trials suggest that glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) may improve outcome when administered early after stroke onset. Methods— We undertook a multicentre, paramedic-delivered, ambulance-based, prospective ran... Read More about Prehospital Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate for Ultra-Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT (2019)
Journal Article
Coates, E., Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., Sutherland, K. E., …Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(47), 1-176. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta23470

Background: There is currently insufficient evidence for the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies for post-stroke depression. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of undertaking a definitive trial to evaluate the... Read More about Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT.

A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations (2019)
Journal Article
Millar, S. A., Stone, N., Bellman, Z., Yates, A., England, T., & O'Sullivan, S. (2019). A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 85(9), 1888-1900. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14038

Aims: Cannabidiol is a cannabis-derived medicinal product with potential application in a wide-variety of contexts, however its effective dose in different disease states remains unclear. This review aimed to investigate what doses have been applied... Read More about A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations.

Tranexamic acid to improve functional status in adults with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: the TICH-2 RCT (2019)
Journal Article
Sprigg, N., Flaherty, K., Appleton, J. P., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Bereczki, D., Beridze, M., …Bath, P. M. (2019). Tranexamic acid to improve functional status in adults with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: the TICH-2 RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(35), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta23350

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding after trauma and postpartum haemorrhage. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess if tranexamic acid is safe, reduces haematoma expansion and improves outcomes in adults with spontaneous... Read More about Tranexamic acid to improve functional status in adults with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: the TICH-2 RCT.

A novel transwell blood brain barrier model using primary human cells (2019)
Journal Article
Stone, N. L., England, T. J., & O’Sullivan, S. E. (2019). A novel transwell blood brain barrier model using primary human cells. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13, Article 230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00230

© 2019 Stone, England and O’Sullivan. Structural alterations and breakdown of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is often a primary or secondary consequence of disease, resulting in brain oedema and the transport of unwanted substances into the brain. It... Read More about A novel transwell blood brain barrier model using primary human cells.

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in patients with ultra-acute presumed stroke (RIGHT-2): an ambulance-based, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded, phase 3 trial (2019)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Scutt, P., Anderson, C. S., Appleton, J. P., Berge, E., Cala, L., …Mir, R. (2019). Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in patients with ultra-acute presumed stroke (RIGHT-2): an ambulance-based, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 393(10175), 1009-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2819%2930194-1

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: High blood pressure is common in acute stroke and is a predictor of poor outcome; however, large trials of lowering blood pressure... Read More about Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in patients with ultra-acute presumed stroke (RIGHT-2): an ambulance-based, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded, phase 3 trial.

Triple versus guideline antiplatelet therapy to prevent recurrence after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: The TARDIS RCT (2018)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Woodhouse, L. J., Appleton, J. P., Beridze, M., Christensen, H., Dineen, R. A., …Sprigg, N. (2018). Triple versus guideline antiplatelet therapy to prevent recurrence after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: The TARDIS RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 22(48), 1-75. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta22480

© Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2018. Background: Two antiplatelet agents are better than one for preventing recurrent stroke after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Therefore, intensive treatment with three agents... Read More about Triple versus guideline antiplatelet therapy to prevent recurrence after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: The TARDIS RCT.

Does therapy with biofeedback improve swallowing in adults with dysphagia?: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Benfield, J. K., Everton, L. F., Bath, P. M., & England, T. J. (in press). Does therapy with biofeedback improve swallowing in adults with dysphagia?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.031

Objective To describe and systematically review the current evidence on the effects of swallow therapy augmented by biofeedback in adults with dysphagia (PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016052942). Data sources Two independent reviewers conducted searches whic... Read More about Does therapy with biofeedback improve swallowing in adults with dysphagia?: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Serum amyloid protein is associated with outcome following acute ischaemic stroke: data from the REmote ischaemic Conditioning After Stroke Trial (RECAST) (2018)
Conference Proceeding
Appleton, J. P., Hedstrom, A., O'Sullivan, S., May, J., Sprigg, N., Bath, P. M., & England, T. J. (2018). Serum amyloid protein is associated with outcome following acute ischaemic stroke: data from the REmote ischaemic Conditioning After Stroke Trial (RECAST).

Background: Remote ischaemic per-conditioning (RIC) in experimental ischaemic stroke is neuroprotective. Several neurohumoral, vascular and inflammatory mediators are implicated. Methods: The REmote ischaemic Conditioning After Stroke Trial (RECAS... Read More about Serum amyloid protein is associated with outcome following acute ischaemic stroke: data from the REmote ischaemic Conditioning After Stroke Trial (RECAST).

Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial (2018)
Journal Article
Sprigg, N., Flaherty, K., Appleton, J. P., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Bereczki, D., Beridze, M., …Bath, P. M. (2018). Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial. Lancet, 391(10135), 2107-2115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2818%2931033-X

Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces death due to bleeding after trauma and post-partum haemorrhage. The aim was to assess if tranexamic acid reduces haematoma expansion and improves outcome in adults with stroke due to intracerebral 6 haemorrha... Read More about Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial.

Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2): safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, and of the feasibility of a multicentre ambulance-based stroke trial (2018)
Conference Proceeding
Dixon, M., Appleton, J. P., Scutt, P., England, T., Havard, D., Howard, H., …Bath, P. M. (2018). Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2): safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, and of the feasibility of a multicentre ambulance-based stroke trial.

Does tranexamic acid lead to changes in MRI-measures of brain tissue health in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage? An MRI sub-study nested within the double-blind randomised controlled TICH-2 trial (2018)
Journal Article
Dineen, R. A., Pszczolkowski, S., Flaherty, K., Law, Z. K., Morgan, P. S., Roberts, I., …Sprigg, N. (in press). Does tranexamic acid lead to changes in MRI-measures of brain tissue health in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage? An MRI sub-study nested within the double-blind randomised controlled TICH-2 trial. BMJ Open, 8(2), Article e019930. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019930

Objectives: To test whether administration of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) leads to increased prevalence of diffusion-weighted MRI defined hyperintense ischaemic lesions... Read More about Does tranexamic acid lead to changes in MRI-measures of brain tissue health in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage? An MRI sub-study nested within the double-blind randomised controlled TICH-2 trial.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the in vivo haemodynamic effects of ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (2018)
Journal Article
Sultan, S. R., Millar, S. A., O’Sullivan, S. E., & England, T. J. (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the in vivo haemodynamic effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. Pharmaceuticals, 11(1), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11010013

?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has complex effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to systematically review studies of THC and haemodynamic alterations. PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. Changes in blood pressure (... Read More about A systematic review and meta-analysis of the in vivo haemodynamic effects of ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol.

Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole versus clopidogrel alone or aspirin and dipyridamole in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia (TARDIS): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial (2017)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Christensen, L. M., Woodhouse, L. J., Bentsen, L., Appleton, J. P., Krarup Hansen, C., …Farren, P. (2018). Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole versus clopidogrel alone or aspirin and dipyridamole in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia (TARDIS): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial. Lancet, 391(10123), 850-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2817%2932849-0

Background: Intensive antiplatelet therapy with three agents might be more effective than guideline treatment for preventing recurrent events in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of intensive antiplat... Read More about Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole versus clopidogrel alone or aspirin and dipyridamole in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia (TARDIS): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial.

Osteocalcin, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)
Journal Article
Millar, S. A., Patel, H., Anderson, S. I., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. (2017). Osteocalcin, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8, Article 183. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00183

Background: Osteocalcin (OC) is an intriguing hormone, concomitantly being the most abundant non-collagenous peptide found in the mineralized matrix of bone, and expanding the endocrine function of the skeleton with far reaching extra-osseous effects... Read More about Osteocalcin, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack (2017)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., May, J., Flaherty, K., Woodhouse, L. J., Dovlatova, N., Fox, S. C., …TARDIS Investigators. (2017). Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2017, Article 7365684. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7365684

Background: Antiplatelets reduce recurrence after cerebral ischaemia. The international TARDIS trial assessed the safety and efficacy of intensive (combined aspirin, dipyridamole and clopidogrel) versus guideline (aspirin and dipyridamole, or clopido... Read More about Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack.