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Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum (2021)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Zhang, W., …Abhishek, A. (2022). Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum. Rheumatology, 61(7), 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab790

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prognostic model for LEF discontinuation with abnormal blood test results. METHODS: Data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum were used for model development and external validation, respect... Read More about Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum.

Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19 (2021)
Journal Article
Au-Yong, I., Higashi, Y., Giannotti, E., Fogarty, A., Morling, J. R., Grainge, M., …Card, T. (2022). Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology, 302(2), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021210986

Background Radiographic severity may help predict patient deterioration and outcomes from COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To assess the reliability and reproducibility of three chest radiograph reporting systems (radiographic assessment of lung edema [RA... Read More about Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19.

Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity (2021)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Crooks, C. J., Aspinall, E., Card, T. R., Hamill, V., Dillon, J., …Morling, J. R. (2022). Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity. Hepatology, 75(2), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32123

Background and Aims: It is thought that alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI) interact supra-additively to modulate the risk of cirrhosis, but evidence for this phenomenon is limited. We investigated the interrelationship between alcohol and BMI o... Read More about Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity.

What is the incidence of methotrexate or leflunomide discontinuation related to cytopenia, liver enzyme elevation or kidney function decline? (2021)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Mallen, C. D., Zhang, W., Doherty, M., …Abhishek, A. (2021). What is the incidence of methotrexate or leflunomide discontinuation related to cytopenia, liver enzyme elevation or kidney function decline?. Rheumatology, 60(12), 5785-5794. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab254

Objectives: To examine incidence of treatment changes due to abnormal blood-test results and, to explore rates of treatment changes due to liver, kidney and haematological blood-test abnormalities in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) treated with... Read More about What is the incidence of methotrexate or leflunomide discontinuation related to cytopenia, liver enzyme elevation or kidney function decline?.

Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation (2020)
Journal Article
Knight, H., Harman, D., Morling, J. R., Aithal, G., Card, T., Guha, I. N., & Bains, M. (2020). Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation. BMJ Open, 10(11), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041574

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. OBJECTIVES: The increasing incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK may be attributed to a rise in... Read More about Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation.

Disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with arterial vascular disease (2020)
Journal Article
Card, T. R., Zittan, E., Nguyen, G. C., & Grainge, M. J. (2021). Disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with arterial vascular disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 27(5), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa156

Background and Aims: There is evidence that several inflammatory diseases are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Whether this is true for inflammatory bowel diseases remains controversial. We aimed to assess this risk corrected for the ef... Read More about Disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with arterial vascular disease.

Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study (2020)
Journal Article
Grønbæk, L., Otete, H., Ban, L., Crooks, C., Card, T., Jepsen, P., & West, J. (2020). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study. Liver International, 40(7), 1634-1644. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14480

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background & Aims: There are few population-based studies of the incidence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis. The burden of the disease and how it has changed over time have not... Read More about Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study.

Use of rapid reading software to reduce capsule endoscopy reading times while maintaining accuracy (2020)
Journal Article
Beg, S., Wronska, E., Araujo, I., González Suárez, B., Ivanova, E., Fedorov, E., …Ragunath, K. (2020). Use of rapid reading software to reduce capsule endoscopy reading times while maintaining accuracy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 91(6), 1322-1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.01.026

Backgrounds and aims: A typical capsule endoscopy (CE) case generates tens of thousands of images, with abnormalities often confined to a just few frames. Omni Mode is a novel EndoCapsule software algorithm (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) that proposes to... Read More about Use of rapid reading software to reduce capsule endoscopy reading times while maintaining accuracy.

Diagnosing dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus still requires Seattle protocol biopsy in the era of modern video endoscopy: results from a tertiary centre Barrett’s dysplasia database. (2019)
Journal Article
Nachiappan, A., Ragunath, K., Card, T., & Kaye, P. (2019). Diagnosing dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus still requires Seattle protocol biopsy in the era of modern video endoscopy: results from a tertiary centre Barrett’s dysplasia database. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 55(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2019.1706762

Objectives: The role of random, four-quadrant biopsy (i.e. systematic biopsy) in Barrett’s oesophagus surveillance has been questioned given its drawbacks and the emergence of high-resolution endoscopy and advanced imaging modalities. Our study aims... Read More about Diagnosing dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus still requires Seattle protocol biopsy in the era of modern video endoscopy: results from a tertiary centre Barrett’s dysplasia database..

Vedolizumab use is not associated with increased malignancy incidence: GEMINI LTS study results and post-marketing data (2019)
Journal Article
Card, T., Ungaro, R., Bhayat, F., Blake, A., Hantsbarger, G., & Travis, S. (2020). Vedolizumab use is not associated with increased malignancy incidence: GEMINI LTS study results and post-marketing data. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 51(1), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15538

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Vedolizumab is a gut-selective antibody to α4β7integrin approved to treat moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in adults. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and immunosuppressant use are a... Read More about Vedolizumab use is not associated with increased malignancy incidence: GEMINI LTS study results and post-marketing data.

Diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus and Esophageal Varices using a Magnetically Assisted Capsule Endoscopy system (2019)
Journal Article
Beg, S., Card, T., Warburton, S., Rahman, I., Wilkes, E., White, J., & Ragunath, K. (2020). Diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus and Esophageal Varices using a Magnetically Assisted Capsule Endoscopy system. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 91(4), 773-781.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.10.031

Background and Aims Magnetically assisted capsule endoscopy (MACE) potentially offers a comfortable, patient friendly, and community-based alternative to gastroscopy (EGD). This pilot study aims to explore whether this approach can be used to accura... Read More about Diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus and Esophageal Varices using a Magnetically Assisted Capsule Endoscopy system.

Obesity is the most common risk factor for chronic liver disease: Results from risk stratification pathway using transient elastography (2019)
Journal Article
Harris, R., Card, T. R., Delahooke, T., Aithal, G. P., & Guha, I. N. (2019). Obesity is the most common risk factor for chronic liver disease: Results from risk stratification pathway using transient elastography. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 114(11), 1744-1752. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000357

Introduction Obesity has been associated with liver fibrosis yet guidelines do not emphasise it as an independent risk factor in which to have a high index of suspicion of advanced disease. We aimed to elucidate the effect of a raised body mass inde... Read More about Obesity is the most common risk factor for chronic liver disease: Results from risk stratification pathway using transient elastography.

Mortality in people with coeliac disease: long-term follow-up from a Scottish cohort (2018)
Journal Article
Quarpong, W., Card, T. R., West, J., Solaymani-Dodaran, M., Logan, R. F., & Grainge, M. J. (2019). Mortality in people with coeliac disease: long-term follow-up from a Scottish cohort. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 7(3), 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640618814662

Background: Few studies have determined the very long-term mortality risks in adult and childhood-diagnosed coeliac disease. Objective: We quantified mortality risks in coeliac disease and determined whether age at diagnosis, or time following di... Read More about Mortality in people with coeliac disease: long-term follow-up from a Scottish cohort.

The risk of venous thromboembolism during and after hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease activity (2018)
Journal Article
Chu, T. P. C., Grainge, M. J., & Card, T. R. (2018). The risk of venous thromboembolism during and after hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease activity. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 48(10), 1099-1108. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15010

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Aim: To determine when patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events, including after major surgery, and to guide timing of thromboprophylaxis. Methods:... Read More about The risk of venous thromboembolism during and after hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease activity.

All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of patients treated for alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Abdul-Rahman, A., Card, T. R., Grainge, M. J., & Fleming, K. M. (2018). All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of patients treated for alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis. Substance Abuse, 39(4), 509-517. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2018.1475318

Background Although alcohol use disorders (AUD) are known to increase the relative risk of all-cause and some cause-specific mortalities, the absolute mortality rates of the AUD population are unknown. Such knowledge would benefit planners of the pr... Read More about All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of patients treated for alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis.

Post infectious IBS: defining its clinical features and prognosis using an internet-based survey (2018)
Journal Article
Card, T., Enck, P., Barbara, G., Boeckxstaens, G. E., Santos, J., Azpiroz, F., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). Post infectious IBS: defining its clinical features and prognosis using an internet-based survey. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 6(8), 1245-1253. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640618779923

Background: Gastrointestinal infection is an important risk factor for developing IBS. Our aim was to characterise postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS) compared to other IBS patients. Methods: An internet survey of IBS patients using Rome III diagnostic ques... Read More about Post infectious IBS: defining its clinical features and prognosis using an internet-based survey.

The XL probe: a luxury or a necessity? risk stratification in an obese community cohort using transient elastography (2018)
Journal Article
Harris, R., Card, T. R., Delahooke, T., Aithal, G. P., & Guha, I. N. (2018). The XL probe: a luxury or a necessity? risk stratification in an obese community cohort using transient elastography. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 6(9), 1372-1379. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640618772944

Background: Transient elastography is a non-invasive tool which can stratify patients at risk of chronic liver disease. However, a raised body mass index has been independently associated with a failed or unreliable examination. Objective: The pur... Read More about The XL probe: a luxury or a necessity? risk stratification in an obese community cohort using transient elastography.

Hip fracture risk in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a population-based study using English and Danish data (2018)
Journal Article
Otete, H. E., Deleuran, T., Fleming, K. M., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., Jepsen, P., & West, J. (2018). Hip fracture risk in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a population-based study using English and Danish data. Journal of Hepatology, 69(3), 697-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.002

© 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Background & Aims: Cirrhosis, the prevalence of which is increasing, is a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. However, little is known of the actual risk of hip fractures in patients with... Read More about Hip fracture risk in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a population-based study using English and Danish data.

What is the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s Disease treated with vedolizumab? (2018)
Journal Article
Card, T. R., Xu, J., Liang, H., & Bhayat, F. (2018). What is the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s Disease treated with vedolizumab?. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 24(5), https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izx097

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a serious condition linked to certain diseases and immunosuppressant therapies, including the α4 integrin antagonist natalizumab. No cases have been reported to date with vedolizumab, a select... Read More about What is the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s Disease treated with vedolizumab?.