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Epoxy–amine oligomers from terpenes with applications in synergistic antifungal treatments (2019)
Journal Article
O’Brien, D. M., Vallieres, C., Alexander, C., Howdle, S. M., Stockman, R. A., & Avery, S. V. (2019). Epoxy–amine oligomers from terpenes with applications in synergistic antifungal treatments. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 7(34), 5222-5229. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tb00878k

A bis-epoxide monomer was synthesised in two steps from (R)-carvone, a terpenoid renewable feedstock derived from spearmint oil, and used to prepare ?-aminoalcohol oligomers in polyaddition reactions with bis-amines without requiring solvent or catal... Read More about Epoxy–amine oligomers from terpenes with applications in synergistic antifungal treatments.

In situ Crosslinking of Nanostructured Block Copolymer Microparticles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2019)
Journal Article
He, G., Bennett, T. M., Alias, K., Jiang, L., Schwab, S., Alauhdin, M., & Howdle, S. M. (2019). In situ Crosslinking of Nanostructured Block Copolymer Microparticles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Polymer Chemistry, 10(29), 3960-3972. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py00556k

We report a novel and facile approach to “fix” the internal nanostructure of block copolymer (BCP) microparticles via in situ crosslinking copolymerisation in dispersion in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). By delaying the addition of the crosslinker and a... Read More about In situ Crosslinking of Nanostructured Block Copolymer Microparticles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.

Polyacrylates Derived from Biobased Ethyl Lactate Solvent via SET-LRP (2019)
Journal Article
Bensabeh, N., Moreno, A., Roig, A., Monaghan, O. R., Ronda, J. C., Cádiz, V., …Percec, V. (2019). Polyacrylates Derived from Biobased Ethyl Lactate Solvent via SET-LRP. Biomacromolecules, 20(5), 2135-2147. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00435

The precise synthesis of polymers derived from alkyl lactate ester acrylates is reported for the first time. Kinetic experiments were conducted to demonstrate that Cu(0) wire-catalyzed single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP)... Read More about Polyacrylates Derived from Biobased Ethyl Lactate Solvent via SET-LRP.

Monitoring morphology evolution within block copolymer microparticles during dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide: a high pressure SAXS study (2019)
Journal Article
Alauhdin, M., Bennett, T. M., He, G., Bassett, S. P., Portale, G., Bras, W., …Howdle, S. M. (2019). Monitoring morphology evolution within block copolymer microparticles during dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide: a high pressure SAXS study. Polymer Chemistry, 10(7), 860-871. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8py01578c

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide is an effective process for creating block copolymer microparticles with internal nanostructures. Here we report an alternative synthesi... Read More about Monitoring morphology evolution within block copolymer microparticles during dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide: a high pressure SAXS study.

New renewably-sourced polyesters from limonene-derived monomers (2018)
Journal Article
Thomsett, M. R., Moore, J. C., Buchard, A., Stockman, R. A., & Howdle, S. M. (2019). New renewably-sourced polyesters from limonene-derived monomers. Green Chemistry, 21(1), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8gc02957a

The functionalisation of limonene has enabled the synthesis of two renewably-sourced monomers for the formation of terpene-derived polyesters. Three methods for the synthesis of the novel hydroxy-acid 6 are reported and their green-credentials scruti... Read More about New renewably-sourced polyesters from limonene-derived monomers.

Clean Block Copolymer Microparticles from Supercritical CO 2 : Universal Templates for the Facile and Scalable Fabrication of Hierarchical Mesostructured Metal Oxides (2018)
Journal Article
Bennett, T. M., He, G., Larder, R. R., Fischer, M. G., Rance, G. A., Fay, M. W., …Howdle, S. M. (2018). Clean Block Copolymer Microparticles from Supercritical CO 2 : Universal Templates for the Facile and Scalable Fabrication of Hierarchical Mesostructured Metal Oxides. Nano Letters, 18(12), 7560-7569. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03044

© 2018 American Chemical Society. Metal oxide microparticles with well-defined internal mesostructures are promising materials for a variety of different applications, but practical routes to such materials that allow the constituent structural leng... Read More about Clean Block Copolymer Microparticles from Supercritical CO 2 : Universal Templates for the Facile and Scalable Fabrication of Hierarchical Mesostructured Metal Oxides.

Sustainable synthesis and precise characterisation of bio-based star polycaprolactone synthesised with a metal catalyst and with lipase (2018)
Journal Article
Baheti, P., Gimello, O., Bouilhac, C., Lacroix-Desmazes, P., & Howdle, S. M. (2018). Sustainable synthesis and precise characterisation of bio-based star polycaprolactone synthesised with a metal catalyst and with lipase. Polymer Chemistry, 9(47), 5594-5607. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8py01266k

Bio-based building blocks and sustainable synthesis pathways were used to synthesise star-shaped polymers composed of a D-sorbitol core and polycaprolactone arms by ring opening polymerisation (ROP). The use of volatile organic solvents was avoided a... Read More about Sustainable synthesis and precise characterisation of bio-based star polycaprolactone synthesised with a metal catalyst and with lipase.

Antimicrobial peptide encapsulation and sustained release from polymer network particles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide (2018)
Journal Article
Parilti, R., Caprasse, J., Riva, R., Alexandre, M., Vandegaart, H., Bebrone, C., …Jérôme, C. (2018). Antimicrobial peptide encapsulation and sustained release from polymer network particles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 532, 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.125

© 2018 Antimicrobial peptide loaded poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) particles were synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide via one-pot free-radical dispersion polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and a cross-linker. Discrete particles... Read More about Antimicrobial peptide encapsulation and sustained release from polymer network particles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Sulindac encapsulation and release from functional poly(HEMA) microparticles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide (2018)
Journal Article
Parilti, R., Riva, R., Howdle, S. M., Dupont-Gillain, C., & Jerome, C. (2018). Sulindac encapsulation and release from functional poly(HEMA) microparticles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 549(1-2), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.060

Sulindac loaded poly(HEMA) cross-linked microparticles were synthesized via one-pot free radical dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) in presence of photocleavable diblock stabilisers based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and... Read More about Sulindac encapsulation and release from functional poly(HEMA) microparticles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide.

A facile route to bespoke macro- and mesoporous block copolymer microparticles (2018)
Journal Article
He, G., Bennett, T. M., Alauhdin, M., Fay, M. W., Liu, X., Schwab, S. T., …Howdle, S. M. (in press). A facile route to bespoke macro- and mesoporous block copolymer microparticles. Polymer Chemistry, 9(27), https://doi.org/10.1039/c8py00707a

We report a facile and versatile strategy for the bespoke fabrication of macro- and mesoporous block copolymer microparticles. A clean synthetic route, RAFT dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), is used to generate block... Read More about A facile route to bespoke macro- and mesoporous block copolymer microparticles.

Biocompatible unimolecular micelles obtained via the Passerini reaction as versatile nanocarriers for potential medical applications (2018)
Journal Article
Oelmann, S., Travanut, A., Barther, D., Romero, M., Howdle, S. M., Alexander, C., & Meier, M. A. (2019). Biocompatible unimolecular micelles obtained via the Passerini reaction as versatile nanocarriers for potential medical applications. Biomacromolecules, 20(1), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00592

A Passerini three-component polymerization was performed for the synthesis of amphiphilic star-shaped block copolymers with hydrophobic cores and hydrophilic coronae. The degree of polymerization of the hydrophobic core was varied from 5 to 10 repeat... Read More about Biocompatible unimolecular micelles obtained via the Passerini reaction as versatile nanocarriers for potential medical applications.

Synthesis and control of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) based viscosity modifiers using dense phase carbon dioxide as a solvent (2018)
Journal Article
Alexander, W., Wickson, J., Duncan, J., Carmichael, K., Irvine, D., & Howdle, S. (2018). Synthesis and control of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) based viscosity modifiers using dense phase carbon dioxide as a solvent. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 139, 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.003

We investigate the clean synthesis of a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) viscosity modifier using supercritical CO2 to replace more hazardous volatile organic solvents that are typically used for this process. The polymers were analysed by aqueous swe... Read More about Synthesis and control of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) based viscosity modifiers using dense phase carbon dioxide as a solvent.

Can a combination of poly(ethylene glycol) and dense phase carbon dioxide improve processing of polylactide? A high pressure rheology investigation (2017)
Journal Article
Pepper, K., Masson, T., De Focatiis, D. S., & Howdle, S. M. (in press). Can a combination of poly(ethylene glycol) and dense phase carbon dioxide improve processing of polylactide? A high pressure rheology investigation. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 133(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.014

High temperature melts or use of organic solvents are not practicable approaches for encapsulating protein based or thermally labile drugs into degradable polymers. Here, we demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in combination with supercritic... Read More about Can a combination of poly(ethylene glycol) and dense phase carbon dioxide improve processing of polylactide? A high pressure rheology investigation.

Versatile routes to functional RAFT chain transfer agents through the Passerini multicomponent reaction (2017)
Journal Article
Pearce, A. K., Travanut, A., Couturaud, B., Taresco, V., Howdle, S. M., Alexander, M. R., & Alexander, C. (2017). Versatile routes to functional RAFT chain transfer agents through the Passerini multicomponent reaction. ACS Macro Letters, 6(7), 781-785. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00415

The widespread adoption of RAFT polymerization stems partly from the ease and utility of installing a functional chain transfer agent onto the ends of the generated polymer chains. In parallel, the Passerini multicomponent reaction offers great versa... Read More about Versatile routes to functional RAFT chain transfer agents through the Passerini multicomponent reaction.

One-pot synthesis of micron-sized polybetaine particles: innovative use of supercritical carbon dioxide (2017)
Journal Article
Bassett, S. P., Birkin, N. A., Jennings, J., Champman, E., O'Reilly, R. K., Howdle, S. M., & Willcock, H. (in press). One-pot synthesis of micron-sized polybetaine particles: innovative use of supercritical carbon dioxide. Polymer Chemistry, 8, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00455A

Polybetaines exhibit unique properties combining anti-polyelectrolyte and low protein fouling behaviour, as well as biocompatibility. To date, the synthesis of polybetaine particles >50 nm has proved to be extremely challenging with standard emulsion... Read More about One-pot synthesis of micron-sized polybetaine particles: innovative use of supercritical carbon dioxide.

Mild synthesis of poly(HEMA)-networks as well-defined nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide (2017)
Journal Article
Parilti, R., Alaimo, D., Grignard, B., Boury, F., Howdle, S., & Jerome, C. (2017). Mild synthesis of poly(HEMA)-networks as well-defined nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 5, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB00740J

Free-radical dispersion polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) in the presence of stabilisers based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly(heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) (PFDA). Different a... Read More about Mild synthesis of poly(HEMA)-networks as well-defined nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Bioreducible cross-linked core polymer micelles enhance in vitro activity of methotrexate in breast cancer cells (2017)
Journal Article
Gulfam, M., Matini, T., Monteiro, P. F., Riva, R., Collins, H., Spriggs, K., …Alexander, C. (2017). Bioreducible cross-linked core polymer micelles enhance in vitro activity of methotrexate in breast cancer cells. Biomaterials Science, 5, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6bm00888g

Polymer micelles have emerged as promising carriers for controlled release applications, however, several limitations of micelle-based drug delivery have also been reported. To address these issues, we have synthesized a functional biodegradable and... Read More about Bioreducible cross-linked core polymer micelles enhance in vitro activity of methotrexate in breast cancer cells.

Synthesis of polymeric microcapsules by interfacial-suspension cationic photopolymerisation of divinyl ether monomer in aqueous suspension (2017)
Journal Article
Benedetti, M., Congdon, T. R., Bassett, S. P., Alauhdin, M., Howdle, S. M., Haddleton, D. M., …Schiller, T. L. (2017). Synthesis of polymeric microcapsules by interfacial-suspension cationic photopolymerisation of divinyl ether monomer in aqueous suspension. Polymer Chemistry, 8(6), 972-975. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py01782g

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Polymeric microcapusles have been synthesised with a markedly more hydrophillic monomer than previously reported, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, using cationic photopolymerisation in an aqueous environment. C... Read More about Synthesis of polymeric microcapsules by interfacial-suspension cationic photopolymerisation of divinyl ether monomer in aqueous suspension.

Amphiphilic block copolymers from a renewable ?-decalactone monomer: prediction and characterization of micellar core effects on drug encapsulation and release (2016)
Journal Article
Kakde, D., Taresco, V., Bansal, K. K., Magennis, E. P., Howdle, S. M., Mantovani, G., …Alexander, C. (in press). Amphiphilic block copolymers from a renewable Ɛ-decalactone monomer: prediction and characterization of micellar core effects on drug encapsulation and release. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 44, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TB01839D

Here we describe a methoxy poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(ε-decalactone) (mPEG-b-PεDL) copolymer and investigate the potential of the copolymer as a vehicle for solubilisation and sustained release of indomethacin (IND). The indomethacin loading and rel... Read More about Amphiphilic block copolymers from a renewable ?-decalactone monomer: prediction and characterization of micellar core effects on drug encapsulation and release.

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro toxicity in hepatocytes of linear polyesters with varied aromatic and aliphatic co-monomers (2016)
Journal Article
Kakde, D., Powell, L. G., Bansal, K. K., Howdle, S., Irvine, D., Mantovani, G., …Alexander, C. (2016). Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro toxicity in hepatocytes of linear polyesters with varied aromatic and aliphatic co-monomers. Journal of Controlled Release, 244(B), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.003

Polyesters are extensively used in drug delivery because of their controllable biodegradation properties and perceived favorable cytocompatibility. However, new ester-based materials are continually being sought which can be produced from readily acc... Read More about Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro toxicity in hepatocytes of linear polyesters with varied aromatic and aliphatic co-monomers.