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An atomic carbon source for high temperature molecular beam epitaxy of graphene (2017)
Journal Article
Albar, J., Summerfield, A., Cheng, T. S., Davies, A., Smith, E., Khlobystov, A. N., …Novikov, S. V. (in press). An atomic carbon source for high temperature molecular beam epitaxy of graphene. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 6598. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07021-1

We report the use of a novel atomic carbon source for the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of graphene layers on hBN flakes and on sapphire wafers at substrate growth temperatures of ~1400 °C. The source produces a flux of predominantly atomic carbon, wh... Read More about An atomic carbon source for high temperature molecular beam epitaxy of graphene.

Supramolecular heterostructures formed by sequential epitaxial deposition of two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded arrays (2017)
Journal Article
Korolkov, V. V., Baldoni, M., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Besley, E., & Beton, P. H. (2017). Supramolecular heterostructures formed by sequential epitaxial deposition of two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded arrays. Nature Chemistry, 9(12), 1191-1197. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2824

© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular arrays provide a route to the spatial control of the chemical functionality of a surface, but their deposition is in almost all cas... Read More about Supramolecular heterostructures formed by sequential epitaxial deposition of two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded arrays.

Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation (2017)
Journal Article
Balakrishnan, N., Kudrynskyi, Z. R., Smith, E. F., Fay, M. W., Makarovsky, O., Kovalyuk, Z. D., …Patanè, A. (2017). Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation. 2D Materials, 4(2), Article 025043. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa61e0

Exploitation of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals can be hindered by the deterioration of the crystal surface over time due to oxidation. On the other hand, the existence of a stable oxide at room temperature can offer prospects for s... Read More about Engineering p-n junctions and bandgap tuning of InSe nanolayers by controlled oxidation.

Hexagonal Boron Nitride Tunnel Barriers Grown on Graphite by High Temperature Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2016)
Journal Article
Cho, Y., Summerfield, A., Davies, A., Cheng, T. S., Smith, E. F., Mellor, C. J., …Novikov, S. V. (2016). Hexagonal Boron Nitride Tunnel Barriers Grown on Graphite by High Temperature Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Scientific Reports, 6(1), Article 34474. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34474

We demonstrate direct epitaxial growth of high-quality hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers on graphite using high-temperature plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy reveals mono- and few-layer island growth, while conducting... Read More about Hexagonal Boron Nitride Tunnel Barriers Grown on Graphite by High Temperature Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

Naphthalocyanine Thin Films and Field Effect Transistors (2016)
Journal Article
Esmail, A. M. S., Staddon, C. R., & Beton, P. H. (2016). Naphthalocyanine Thin Films and Field Effect Transistors. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120(28), 15338-15341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06134

Naphthalocyanine (Nc) thin films have been grown by sublimation on SiO2. We have used atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction to show that the films are disordered for room temperature deposition, but show a highly crystalline needlelike morpho... Read More about Naphthalocyanine Thin Films and Field Effect Transistors.

Organisation and ordering of 1D porphyrin polymers synthesised by on-surface Glaser coupling (2016)
Journal Article
Saywell, A., Browning, A. S., Rahe, P., Anderson, H. L., & Beton, P. H. (2016). Organisation and ordering of 1D porphyrin polymers synthesised by on-surface Glaser coupling. Chemical Communications, 52(68), 10342-10345. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC03758E

One-dimensional polymer chains consisting of ?-conjugated porphyrin units are formed via Glaser coupling on a Ag(111) surface. Scanning probe microscopy reveals the covalent structure of the products and their ordering. The conformational flexibility... Read More about Organisation and ordering of 1D porphyrin polymers synthesised by on-surface Glaser coupling.

Quantum confinement and photoresponsivity of ?-In2Se3 nanosheets grown by physical vapour transport (2016)
Journal Article
Balakrishnan, N., Staddon, C. R., Smith, E. F., Stec, J., Gay, D., Mudd, G. W., …Beton, P. H. (in press). Quantum confinement and photoresponsivity of β-In2Se3 nanosheets grown by physical vapour transport. 2D Materials, 3(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/2/025030

We demonstrate that β-In2Se3 layers with thickness ranging from 2.8 – 100 nm can be grown on SiO2/Si, mica and graphite using a physical vapour transport method. The β-In2Se3 layers are chemically stable at room temperature and exhibit a blue-shift o... Read More about Quantum confinement and photoresponsivity of ?-In2Se3 nanosheets grown by physical vapour transport.

Strain-Engineered Graphene Grown on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2016)
Journal Article
Summerfield, A., Davies, A., Cheng, T. S., Korolkov, V. V., Cho, Y., Mellor, C. J., …Beton, P. H. (2016). Strain-Engineered Graphene Grown on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Scientific Reports, 6(1), Article 22440. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22440

Graphene grown by high temperature molecular beam epitaxy on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) forms continuous domains with dimensions of order 20 μm, and exhibits moiré patterns with large periodicities, up to ~30 nm, indicating that the layers are hig... Read More about Strain-Engineered Graphene Grown on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

High temperature MBE of graphene on sapphire and hexagonal boron nitride flakes on sapphire (2016)
Journal Article
Cheng, T. S., Davies, A., Summerfield, A., Cho, Y., Cebula, I., Hill, R. J., …Novikov, S. V. (2016). High temperature MBE of graphene on sapphire and hexagonal boron nitride flakes on sapphire. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 34(2), 02L101. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4938157

The discovery of graphene and its remarkable electronic properties has provided scientists with a revolutionary material system for electronics and optoelectronics. Here, the authors investigate molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as a growth method for gra... Read More about High temperature MBE of graphene on sapphire and hexagonal boron nitride flakes on sapphire.

Nucleation and Early Stages of Layer-by-Layer Growth of Metal Organic Frameworks on Surfaces (2015)
Journal Article
Summerfield, A., Cebula, I., Schröder, M., & Beton, P. H. (2015). Nucleation and Early Stages of Layer-by-Layer Growth of Metal Organic Frameworks on Surfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 119(41), 23544-23551. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07133

High resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to resolve the evolution of crystallites of a metal organic framework (HKUST-1) grown on Au(111) using a liquid-phase layer-by-layer methodology. The nucleation and faceting of individual crystall... Read More about Nucleation and Early Stages of Layer-by-Layer Growth of Metal Organic Frameworks on Surfaces.

van der Waals-induced chromatic shifts in hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional porphyrin arrays on boron nitride (2015)
Journal Article
Korolkov, V. V., Svatek, S. A., Summerfield, A., Kerfoot, J., Yang, L., Taniguchi, T., …Beton, P. H. (2015). van der Waals-induced chromatic shifts in hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional porphyrin arrays on boron nitride. ACS Nano, 9(10), https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b04443

The fluorescence of a two-dimensional supramolecular network of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) adsorbed on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is red shifted due to, primarily, adsorbate–substrate van der Waals interactions. TCPP is... Read More about van der Waals-induced chromatic shifts in hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional porphyrin arrays on boron nitride.

High Broad-Band Photoresponsivity of Mechanically Formed InSe-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures (2015)
Journal Article
Mudd, G. W., Svatek, S. A., Hague, L., Makarovsky, O., Kudrynskyi, Z. R., Mellor, C. J., …Patanè, A. (2015). High Broad-Band Photoresponsivity of Mechanically Formed InSe-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures. Advanced Materials, 27(25), 3760-3766. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201500889

We exploit the broad-band transparency of graphene and the favorable band line up of graphene with van der Waals InSe crystals to create new functional heterostructures and high-performance photodetectors. The InSe-graphene heterostructure exhibits a... Read More about High Broad-Band Photoresponsivity of Mechanically Formed InSe-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures.

Emergent Rhombus Tilings from Molecular Interactions with M-fold Rotational Symmetry (2015)
Journal Article
Whitelam, S., Tamblyn, I., Garrahan, J. P., & Beton, P. H. (2015). Emergent Rhombus Tilings from Molecular Interactions with M-fold Rotational Symmetry. Physical Review Letters, 114(11), Article 115702. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.115702

© 2015 American Physical Society. We show that model molecules with particular rotational symmetries can self-assemble into network structures equivalent to rhombus tilings. This assembly happens in an emergent way, in the sense that molecules sponta... Read More about Emergent Rhombus Tilings from Molecular Interactions with M-fold Rotational Symmetry.

Supramolecular nesting of cyclic polymers (2015)
Journal Article
Kondratuk, D. V., Perdigão, L. M., Esmail, A. M., O'Shea, J. N., Beton, P. H., & Anderson, H. L. (2015). Supramolecular nesting of cyclic polymers. Nature Chemistry, 7(4), 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2182

Advances in template-directed synthesis make it possible to create artificial molecules with protein-like dimensions, directly from simple components. These synthetic macromolecules have a proclivity for self-organization that is reminiscent of biopo... Read More about Supramolecular nesting of cyclic polymers.

Ligand-Induced Control of Photoconductive Gain and Doping in a Hybrid Graphene–Quantum Dot Transistor (2015)
Journal Article
Turyanska, L., Makarovsky, O., Svatek, S. A., Beton, P. H., Mellor, C. J., Patanè, A., …Wilson, N. R. (2015). Ligand-Induced Control of Photoconductive Gain and Doping in a Hybrid Graphene–Quantum Dot Transistor. Advanced Electronic Materials, 1(7), 1500062. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201500062

In graphene devices decorated with a layer of near-infrared colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs), the choice of the QD capping ligands and the integrity of the QD layer have a strong influence on the doping, carrier mobility, and photoresponse. By using... Read More about Ligand-Induced Control of Photoconductive Gain and Doping in a Hybrid Graphene–Quantum Dot Transistor.

Adsorbate-induced curvature and stiffening of graphene (2014)
Journal Article
Svatek, S. A., Scott, O. R., Rivett, J. P., Wright, K., Baldoni, M., Bichoutskaia, E., …Beton, P. H. (2015). Adsorbate-induced curvature and stiffening of graphene. Nano Letters, 15(1), https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503308c

The adsorption of the alkane tetratetracontane (TTC, C44H90) on graphene induces the formation of a curved surface stabilized by a gain in adsorption energy. This effect arises from a curvature-dependent variation of a moiré pattern due to the mismat... Read More about Adsorbate-induced curvature and stiffening of graphene.

Porous macromolecular dihydropyridyl frameworks exhibiting catalytic and halochromic activity (2014)
Journal Article
Xiao, B., Easun, T. L., Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Cebula, I., Beton, P. H., Titman, J. J., …Schröder, M. (2014). Porous macromolecular dihydropyridyl frameworks exhibiting catalytic and halochromic activity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(46), 19889-19896. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02521k

New porous macromolecular frameworks (PMFs) have been designed and prepared by the condensation of dialdehydes with aminoacrylonitriles. Two porous materials were prepared by reacting 3,3′-benzene-1,4-diylbis(3-aminoprop-2-enenitrile) with benzene-1,... Read More about Porous macromolecular dihydropyridyl frameworks exhibiting catalytic and halochromic activity.

Vernier-Templated Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Supramolecular Chemistry of a 12-Porphyrin Nanoring (2014)
Journal Article
Kondratuk, D. V., Sprafke, J. K., O'Sullivan, M. C., Perdigão, L. M., Saywell, A., Malfois, M., …Anderson, H. L. (2014). Vernier-Templated Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Supramolecular Chemistry of a 12-Porphyrin Nanoring. Chemistry - A European Journal, 20(40), 12826-12834. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201403714

Vernier templating exploits a mismatch between the number of binding sites in a template and a reactant to direct the formation of a product that is large enough to bind several template units. Here, we present a detailed study of the Vernier-templat... Read More about Vernier-Templated Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Supramolecular Chemistry of a 12-Porphyrin Nanoring.