All Outputs (27)

Variola minor in England and Wales: the geographical course of a smallpox epidemic and the impediments to effective disease control, 1920–1935 (2017)
Journal Article
Rafferty, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliff, A. D. (2018). Variola minor in England and Wales: the geographical course of a smallpox epidemic and the impediments to effective disease control, 1920–1935. Journal of Historical Geography, 59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2017.09.006

The 1920–1935 epidemic of variola minor in England and Wales is a prime example of a major smallpox outbreak that spread in a national population with waning levels of vaccine-induced immunity. This paper examines the geographical course of the epide... Read More about Variola minor in England and Wales: the geographical course of a smallpox epidemic and the impediments to effective disease control, 1920–1935.

Deep coal mining and meningococcal meningitis in England and Wales, 1931–38: ecological study, with implications for deep shaft mining activities worldwide (2017)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M. R., & Cliff, A. D. (2017). Deep coal mining and meningococcal meningitis in England and Wales, 1931–38: ecological study, with implications for deep shaft mining activities worldwide. Health and Place, 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.08.002

The hypothesized role of deep coal mining in the development of community-based outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis has gone largely unexplored. Taking the coalfields of Britain as a historical testbed, techniques of linear and binomial logistic re... Read More about Deep coal mining and meningococcal meningitis in England and Wales, 1931–38: ecological study, with implications for deep shaft mining activities worldwide.

Variola minor in coalfield areas of England and Wales, 1921–34: geographical determinants of a national smallpox epidemic that spread out of effective control (2017)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., Rafferty, S., & Cliffe, A. (in press). Variola minor in coalfield areas of England and Wales, 1921–34: geographical determinants of a national smallpox epidemic that spread out of effective control. Social Science and Medicine, 180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.044

This paper uses techniques of binary logistic regression to identify the spatial determinants of the last national epidemic of smallpox to spread in England and Wales, the variola minor epidemic of 1921–34. Adjusting for age and county-level variatio... Read More about Variola minor in coalfield areas of England and Wales, 1921–34: geographical determinants of a national smallpox epidemic that spread out of effective control.

The diffusion of cholera in Egypt, 1947: a time-space analysis of one of the largest single outbreaks in the twentieth century (2016)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliffe, A. (2016). The diffusion of cholera in Egypt, 1947: a time-space analysis of one of the largest single outbreaks in the twentieth century. Journal of Historical Geography, 54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2016.07.010

The epidemic of cholera that spread through Egypt in the latter months of 1947 was one of the largest single outbreaks of the disease in the twentieth century. Using a swash–backwash model, this paper examines the geographical wave-like spread and su... Read More about The diffusion of cholera in Egypt, 1947: a time-space analysis of one of the largest single outbreaks in the twentieth century.

Geographical perspectives on epidemic transmission of cholera in Haiti, October 2010 through March 2013 (2015)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., Cliff, A., & Barford, A. (2015). Geographical perspectives on epidemic transmission of cholera in Haiti, October 2010 through March 2013. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 105(4), https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050755

The current epidemic of El Tor cholera in the Caribbean republic of Haiti is one of the largest single outbreaks of the disease ever recorded. The prospects are that the epidemic will continue to present challenges to workers in public health medicin... Read More about Geographical perspectives on epidemic transmission of cholera in Haiti, October 2010 through March 2013.

Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939–1945 (2015)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliff, A. (2015). Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939–1945. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(14), 2923-2938. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268815000175

This paper examines the geographical impact of the British Government’s wartime evacuation scheme on notified rates of two common acute childhood diseases (scarlet fever and diphtheria) in the 1470 local government districts of England and Wales, 193... Read More about Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939–1945.

Abrupt transition to heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity in England and Wales, 1947–1957, associated with a pronounced increase in the geographical rate of disease propagation (2013)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliff, A. (2014). Abrupt transition to heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity in England and Wales, 1947–1957, associated with a pronounced increase in the geographical rate of disease propagation. Epidemiology and Infection, 142(3), 577-591. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813001441

The abrupt transition to heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity in England and Wales, 1947–1957, was associated with a profound change in the spatial dynamics of the disease. Drawing on the complete record of poliomyelitis notifications in England and... Read More about Abrupt transition to heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity in England and Wales, 1947–1957, associated with a pronounced increase in the geographical rate of disease propagation.