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Increased IL-2 and reduced tgf-? upon t-cell stimulation are associated with GM-CSF upregulation in multiple immune cell types in multiple sclerosis (2020)
Journal Article
Aram, J., Frakich, N., Morandi, E., Alrouji, M., Samaraweera, A., Onion, D., …Constantinescu, C. S. (2020). Increased IL-2 and reduced tgf-β upon t-cell stimulation are associated with GM-CSF upregulation in multiple immune cell types in multiple sclerosis. Biomedicines, 8(7), https://doi.org/10.3390/BIOMEDICINES8070226

© 2020 by the authors. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by immune cells. Recent evidence suggests that GM-CSF plays an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. We investi... Read More about Increased IL-2 and reduced tgf-? upon t-cell stimulation are associated with GM-CSF upregulation in multiple immune cell types in multiple sclerosis.

Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial (2020)
Journal Article
Tanasescu, R., Tench, C. R., Constantinescu, C. S., Telford, G., Singh, S., Frakich, N., …Pritchard, D. I. (2020). Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial. JAMA Neurology, 77(9), 1089-1098. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1118

© 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Importance: Studies suggest gut worms induce immune responses that can protect against multiple sclerosis (MS). To our knowledge, there are no controlled treatment trials with helminth in MS.... Read More about Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.