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Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition (2023)
Journal Article
Darwish, R. M., Magee, K. J., Gedi, M. A., Farmanfarmaian, A., Zaky, A. S., Young, I., & Gray, D. A. (2023). Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition. Fermentation, 9(7), Article 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070682

Currently, there is an urgent need for the growing aquaculture sector to rely on sustainable ingredients which can achieve optimal growth while maintaining fish’s nutritional value (especially omega-3 fatty acid content) for human consumption. Here,... Read More about Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition.

In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts (2023)
Journal Article
Sahaka, M., Mateos-Diaz, E., Amara, S., Wattanakul, J., Gray, D., Lafont, D., …Carrière, F. (2023). In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 252, 105291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105291

Galactolipids are the main lipids from plant photosynthetic membranes and they can be digested by pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2), an enzyme found in the pancreatic secretion in many animal species. Here, we used transmission Fourier-tran... Read More about In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts.

Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems (2023)
Journal Article
Sutcharit, P., Wattanakul, J., Price, R., Di Bari, V., Gould, J., Yakubov, G., …Gray, D. A. (2023). Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems. Food Research International, 165, Article 112472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112472

Chloroplasts are abundant organelles in a diverse range of plant materials; they are predominantly composed of multicomponent thylakoid membranes which are lipid and protein rich. Intact or unravelled thylakoid membranes should, in principle, have in... Read More about Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems.

Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties (2022)
Journal Article
Price, R., Gray, D., Watson, N., Vieira, J., & Wolf, B. (2022). Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 165, Article 113704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113704

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) is a food emulsifier with a unique yield stress reducing efficacy in fat-based suspensions. There are many commercially available PGPRs, and the different products vary in their impact on the yield stress. Choosing... Read More about Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties.

Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol (2022)
Journal Article
Feng, W., Qin, C., Abdelrazig, S., Bai, Z., Raji, M., Darwish, R., …Gershkovich, P. (2022). Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 624, Article 121947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121947

Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in... Read More about Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol.

Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion (2022)
Journal Article
Wattanakul, J., Syamila, M., Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., Sutcharit, P., Chi, C., …Gray, D. A. (2022). Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion. Food and Function, 13(9), 5365-5380. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo00604a

An in vitro gastrointestinal human digestion model, with and without additional rapeseed oil, was used to measure the bioaccessibility of the major lipophilic nutrients enriched in chloroplasts: β-carotene; lutein; α-tocopherol; and α-linolenic acid.... Read More about Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion.

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) (2022)
Journal Article
Akepach, P., Ribeiro-Filho, N., Wattanakul, J., Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., & Gray, D. A. (2022). Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 160, Article 113292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113292

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) has a potential as a novel source for food/feed because it contains several constituents including bioactive compounds. However, its multilayer cell wall (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein [HRPGs]) may restri... Read More about Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii).

Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible? (2022)
Journal Article
Brookes, A., Ji, L., Bradshaw, T. D., Stocks, M., Gray, D., Butler, J., & Gershkovich, P. (2022). Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible?. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 172, 112-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.004

This review outlines the feasibility of oral lipid-based targeted delivery of drugs to the brain, including permeation of the central nervous system's (CNS) protective blood–brain barrier (BBB). The structure of the BBB and disruption caused by varyi... Read More about Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible?.

A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome (2021)
Journal Article
Meacci, L., di Bari, V., Ausas, R. F., Mut, F., Gray, D. A., & Buscaglia, G. C. (2021). A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome. Applied Mathematics, 9, Article 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinam.2020.100128

© 2020 The Authors In this work we report for the first time a mathematical approach to model the behaviour of a single oleosome (oil body) within a seed cellular environment. To describe the behaviour of the oleosome membrane, we adopted a dynamical... Read More about A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform Chlorella and Spirulina (2020)
Journal Article
Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., Akepach, P., Assaye, H., Zaky, A. S., & Gray, D. A. (2020). Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform Chlorella and Spirulina. Applied Sciences, 10(19), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196736

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalgae used as a model organism associated with biotechnological applications, yet its nutritional value has not been assessed. This study investigates... Read More about Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform Chlorella and Spirulina.

Food biotechnology (2020)
Journal Article
Foster, T., Adams, G., di Bari, V., Connerton, I., Gould, J., Gouseti, O., …Yakubov, G. (2020). Food biotechnology. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 30, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2020.08.006

We investigate recent advances in the Chemical Engineering aspects of food structuring agents and macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and also the fate of food upon ingestion. Prebiotic effects on host-microbe interactions enable impr... Read More about Food biotechnology.

Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate? (2020)
Journal Article
Mohamad, N. J., Gray, D., & Wolf, B. (2020). Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate?. Food Research International, 133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109193

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In this study the possibility of replacing current surfactants in chocolate formulations with natural lipids extracted from spinach leaf (SPLIP) or spinach chloroplast (CH.SPLIP) was evaluated. SPLIP and CH.SPLIP were extracted wi... Read More about Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate?.

Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability (2020)
Journal Article
De Chirico, S., di Bari, V., Romero Guzmán, M. J., Nikiforidis, C., Foster, T., & Gray, D. (2020). Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability. Food Chemistry, 316, Article 126355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126355

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The lipolytic activity in oil body creams as affected by recovery and washing protocols was investigated. The effect of thermal treatment on the hydrolytic activity and physical stability of fresh and aged (up to 30 days) oil body... Read More about Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability.

In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves (2019)
Journal Article
Wattanakul, J., Sahaka, M., Amara, S., Mansor, S., Gontero, B., Carrière, F., & Gray, D. (2019). In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves. Food and Function, 10(12), 7806-7817. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01867K

The removal of intact chloroplasts from their cell wall confinement offers a novel way to obtain lipophilic nutrients from green biomass, especially carotenoids and galactolipids. These latter are the main membrane lipids in plants and they represent... Read More about In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves.

The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7 (2019)
Journal Article
Juliana Romero-Guzmán, M., Petris, V., De Chirico, S., di Bari, V., Gray, D., Boom, R. M., & Nikiforidis, C. V. (2020). The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7. Food Chemistry, 306, Article 125578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125578

Oleosomes are storage vehicles of TAGs in plant seeds. They are protected with a phospholipid-protein monolayer and extracted with alkaline aqueous media; however, pH adjustment intensifies the extraction process. Therefore the aim of this work was t... Read More about The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7.

Effect of temperature, oxygen and light on the degradation of β-carotene, lutein and α-tocopherol in spray-dried spinach juice powder during storage (2019)
Journal Article
Syamila, M., Gedi, M., Briars, R., Ayed, C., & Gray, D. (2019). Effect of temperature, oxygen and light on the degradation of β-carotene, lutein and α-tocopherol in spray-dried spinach juice powder during storage. Food Chemistry, 284, 188-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.055

© 2019 The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between packaging parameters (transmission of light and oxygen) and storage temperatures (4, 20, 40 °C) on nutrient retention of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) juice, spray-dried in the absen... Read More about Effect of temperature, oxygen and light on the degradation of β-carotene, lutein and α-tocopherol in spray-dried spinach juice powder during storage.

Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio) (2019)
Journal Article
Gedi, M. . A., Magee, K., Darwish, R., Eakpetch, P., Young, I., & Gray, D. (2019). Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Food and Function, 10(2), 733-745. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo02109k

In recent years increasing aquaculture production combined with a high variance in availability and cost of fishmeal and fish oil commodities, has led to a need to identify alternative source materials for protein and the polyunsaturated fatty acids... Read More about Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Chloroplast-rich material from the physical fractionation of pea vine (Pisum sativum) postharvest field residue (Haulm) (2018)
Journal Article
Torcello-Gómez, A., Gedi, M. A., Ibbett, R., Husain, K. N., Briars, R., & Gray, D. (2019). Chloroplast-rich material from the physical fractionation of pea vine (Pisum sativum) postharvest field residue (Haulm). Food Chemistry, 272, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.018

An innovative procedure for plant chloroplasts isolation has been proposed, which consists of juice extraction by physical fractionation from plant material and recovery of its chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) by centrifugation. This simple method has... Read More about Chloroplast-rich material from the physical fractionation of pea vine (Pisum sativum) postharvest field residue (Haulm).

Seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira fusiformis biomass harvested from an Ethiopian soda lake, Lake Chitu (2017)
Journal Article
Assaye, H., Belay, A., Desse, G., & Gray, D. (in press). Seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira fusiformis biomass harvested from an Ethiopian soda lake, Lake Chitu. Journal of Applied Phycology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1359-0

The extent of seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira biomass harvested from Lake Chitu was investigated to evaluate the variability of the quality of the product over a period of a year. Protein content varied from 47.9 to 55.7% fo... Read More about Seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira fusiformis biomass harvested from an Ethiopian soda lake, Lake Chitu.

Enhancing the recovery of oilseed rape seed oil bodies (oleosomes) using bicarbonate-based soaking and grinding media (2017)
Journal Article
De Chirico, S., Di Bari, V., Foster, T., & Gray, D. A. (2018). Enhancing the recovery of oilseed rape seed oil bodies (oleosomes) using bicarbonate-based soaking and grinding media. Food Chemistry, 241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.008

An aqueous process for the recovery of oil bodies from rapeseed using sodium bicarbonate-based soaking and grinding media (pH 9.5) was investigated. The effect of the ratio between seed and mass of media during grinding and molarity of the medium use... Read More about Enhancing the recovery of oilseed rape seed oil bodies (oleosomes) using bicarbonate-based soaking and grinding media.