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Remote Ischaemic Conditioning after Stroke Trial (RECAST): a pilot randomised placebo controlled phase II trial in acute ischaemic stroke (ISRCTN 86672015) (2017)
Journal Article
England, T. J., Hedstrom, A., O'Sullivan, S., Donnelly, R., Barrett, D. A., Sarmad, S., …Bath, P. M. (2017). Remote Ischaemic Conditioning after Stroke Trial (RECAST): a pilot randomised placebo controlled phase II trial in acute ischaemic stroke (ISRCTN 86672015). Stroke, 48(5), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016429

Background: Repeated episodes of limb ischaemia and reperfusion (remote ischaemic conditioning, RIC) may improve outcome after acute stroke. Methods: We performed a pilot blinded placebo-controlled trial in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, ra... Read More about Remote Ischaemic Conditioning after Stroke Trial (RECAST): a pilot randomised placebo controlled phase II trial in acute ischaemic stroke (ISRCTN 86672015).

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the haemodynamic effects of cannabidiol (2017)
Journal Article
Sultan, S. R., Millar, S. A., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. (2017). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the haemodynamic effects of cannabidiol. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, Article 81. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00081

Despite cannabidiol (CBD) having numerous cardiovascular effects in vitro, its haemodynamic effects in vivo are unclear. Nonetheless, the clinical use of CBD (Epidiolex) is becoming more widespread. The aim of this systematic review was to establish... Read More about A systematic review and meta-analysis of the haemodynamic effects of cannabidiol.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis (2016)
Journal Article
England, T. J., Sprigg, N., Alasheev, A. M., Belkin, A. A., Kumar, A., Prasad, K., & Bath, P. M. (in press). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 36567. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36567

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may enhance recovery from stroke through neuroprotective mechanisms if administered early, or neurorepair if given later. Several small trials suggest administration is safe but effects on efficacy are un... Read More about Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Rapid intervention with glyceryl trinitrate in hypertensive stroke trial-2(right-2): safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor (2016)
Journal Article
Dixon, M., Appleton, J., Scutt, P., England, T., Havard, D., Howard, H., …Bath, P. (2016). Rapid intervention with glyceryl trinitrate in hypertensive stroke trial-2(right-2): safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor. Emergency Medicine Journal, 33(9), e13-e14. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2016-206139.42

Rationale High blood pressure (BP) is common in acute stroke and is associated with poor outcome. Previous hospital-based trials testing the effects of BP lowering on functional outcome have been inconclusive. The PIL-FAST and RIGHT pilot trials conf... Read More about Rapid intervention with glyceryl trinitrate in hypertensive stroke trial-2(right-2): safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor.

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Physiotherapy after Stroke: Results of a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial: Stem Cell Trial of Recovery EnhanceMent after Stroke-3 (STEMS-3 ISRCTN16714730) (2016)
Journal Article
Sprigg, N., O’Connor, R., Woodhouse, L. J., Krishnan, K., England, T. J., Connell, L. A., …Bath, P. M. (2016). Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Physiotherapy after Stroke: Results of a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial: Stem Cell Trial of Recovery EnhanceMent after Stroke-3 (STEMS-3 ISRCTN16714730). PLoS ONE, 11(9), Article e0161359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161359

Background Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilises endogenous haematopoietic stem cells and enhances recovery in experimental stroke. Recovery may also be dependent on an enriched environment and physical activity. G-CSF may have the... Read More about Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Physiotherapy after Stroke: Results of a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial: Stem Cell Trial of Recovery EnhanceMent after Stroke-3 (STEMS-3 ISRCTN16714730).

Behavioural Activation Therapy for Depression after Stroke (BEADS): a study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled pilot trial of a psychological intervention for post-stroke depression (2016)
Journal Article
Thomas, S. A., Coates, E., das Nair, R., Lincoln, N. B., Cooper, C., Palmer, R., …Drummond, A. E. R. (2016). Behavioural Activation Therapy for Depression after Stroke (BEADS): a study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled pilot trial of a psychological intervention for post-stroke depression. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-016-0072-0

Background There is currently insufficient evidence for the clinical and cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies for treating post-stroke depression. Methods/Design BEADS is a parallel group feasibility multicentre randomised controlled... Read More about Behavioural Activation Therapy for Depression after Stroke (BEADS): a study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled pilot trial of a psychological intervention for post-stroke depression.

Cannabidiol protects an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier (BBB) from oxygen-glucose deprivation via PPAR? and 5-HT1A (2015)
Journal Article
Hind, W. H., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. E. (2016). Cannabidiol protects an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier (BBB) from oxygen-glucose deprivation via PPAR? and 5-HT1A. British Journal of Pharmacology, 173(5), 815-825. doi:10.1111/bph.13368

Background and Purpose: In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated a protective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in reducing infarct size in stroke models and against epithelial barrier damage in numerous disease models. We aimed to investigate whethe... Read More about Cannabidiol protects an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier (BBB) from oxygen-glucose deprivation via PPAR? and 5-HT1A.

Endocannabinoids modulate human blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro (2015)
Journal Article
Hind, W. H., Tufarelli, C., Neophytou, M., Anderson, S. I., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. (2015). Endocannabinoids modulate human blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology, 172(12), 3015-3027. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13106

Background and Purpose Endocannabinoids alter permeability at various epithelial barriers, and cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid levels are elevated by stroke, with potential neuroprotective effects. We therefore explored the role of endoc... Read More about Endocannabinoids modulate human blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro.

Cannabinoids in experimental stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014)
Journal Article
England, T. J., Hind, W. H., Rasid, N. A., & O'Sullivan, S. (2015). Cannabinoids in experimental stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 35(3), https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.218

Cannabinoids (CBs) show promise as neuroprotectants with some agents already licensed in humans for other conditions. We systematically reviewed CBs in preclinical stroke to guide further experimental protocols. We selected controlled studies assessi... Read More about Cannabinoids in experimental stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in experimental stroke and its effects on infarct size and functional outcome: a systematic review (2009)
Journal Article
England, T. J., Gibson, C. L., & Bath, P. M. (2009). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in experimental stroke and its effects on infarct size and functional outcome: a systematic review. Brain Research, 62(1), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.09.002

Background: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) shows promise as a treatment for stroke. This systematic review assesses G-CSF in experimental ischaemic stroke. Methods: Relevant studies were identified with searches of Medline, Embase and... Read More about Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in experimental stroke and its effects on infarct size and functional outcome: a systematic review.

Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review (2009)
Journal Article
England, T. J., Martin, P., & Bath, P. M. (2009). Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review. International Journal of Stroke, 4(2),

The potential application for stem cell therapy is vast, and development for use in ischaemic stroke is still in its infancy. Access to stem cells for research is contentious; however, stem cells are obtainable from both animal and human. Despite a... Read More about Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review.

The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST) (2009)
Journal Article
Sare, G. M., Bath, P. M., Gray, L. J., Moulin, T., Woimant, F., England, T., …Ringelstein, B. (2009). The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST). Stroke, 40(1), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.526665

Background and Purpose—High blood pressure (BP) is present in 80% of patients with acute ischemic stroke and is independently associated with poor outcome. There are few data examining the relationship between admission BP and acute CT findings. M... Read More about The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST).

A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility (2008)
Journal Article
Sprigg, N., Gray, L. J., England, T. J., Wilmot, M. R., Zhao, L., Sare, G. M., & Bath, P. M. (2008). A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility. PLoS ONE, 3(8),

Background: Aspirin, dipyridamole and clopidogrel are effective in secondary vascular prevention. Combination therapy with three antiplatelet agents might maximise the benefit of antiplatelet treatment in the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke.... Read More about A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility.