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Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers (2017)
Journal Article
Heinink, T. P., Read, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Bhalla, A., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 38(2), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12401

Background Oesophageal Doppler monitoring (ODM) is used clinically to optimize cardiac output (CO) and guide fluid therapy. Despite limited experimental evidence, it is assumed that increasing CO increases visceral microvascular blood flow (MBF).... Read More about Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers.

Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans (2016)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2016). Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology, 594(24), 7399-7417. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272857

Ageing is associated with impaired hypertrophic responses to resistance exercise training (RET). Here we investigated the aetiology of ‘anabolic resistance’ in older humans. Twenty healthy male individuals, 10 younger (Y; 23 ± 1 years) and 10 older (... Read More about Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans.

Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men (2016)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.031

Postprandial limb blood flow and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion reduce with aging. Here we tested the impact of providing bolus essential amino acids (EAA) in the presence and absence of the nitric oxide precursor, l-Arginine (ARG), upon ske... Read More about Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men.

Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition (2016)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Wilkinson, D. J., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2016). Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition. Advances in Nutrition, 7(4), 828S-838S. doi:10.3945/an.115.011650

Healthy individuals maintain remarkably constant skeletal muscle mass across much of adult life, suggesting the existence of robust homeostatic mechanisms. Muscle exists in dynamic equilibrium whereby the influx of amino acids (AAs) and the resulting... Read More about Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition.

An overview of technical considerations for Western blotting applications to physiological research (2016)
Journal Article
Bass, J. J., Wilkinson, D. J., Rankin, D., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (in press). An overview of technical considerations for Western blotting applications to physiological research. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 27(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12702

The applications of Western/immuno-blotting (WB) techniques have reached multiple layers of the scientific community and are now considered routine procedures in the field of physiology. This is none more so than in relation to skeletal muscle physio... Read More about An overview of technical considerations for Western blotting applications to physiological research.

Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men (2016)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Kumar, V., Selby, A. L., Rankin, D., Hildebrandt, W., Phillips, B. E., …Smith, K. (2017). Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(3), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink... Read More about Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men.

A 31-day time to surgery compliant exercise training programme improves aerobic health in the elderly (2016)
Journal Article
Boereboom, C., Phillips, B., Williams, J., & Lund, J. N. (2016). A 31-day time to surgery compliant exercise training programme improves aerobic health in the elderly. Techniques in Coloproctology, 20(6), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-016-1455-1

Background: Over 41,000 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) in the UK in 2011. The incidence of CRC increases with age. Many elderly patients undergo surgery for CRC, the only curative treatment. Such patients are exposed to risks, whi... Read More about A 31-day time to surgery compliant exercise training programme improves aerobic health in the elderly.

Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men (2016)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Limb, M. C., Williams, J. P., & Smith, K. (in press). Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(5), https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0543

The anabolic effects of nutrition on skeletal muscle may depend on adequate skeletal muscle perfusion, which is impaired in older people. Cocoa flavanols have been shown to improve flow-mediated dilation, an established measure of endothelial functio... Read More about Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men.

A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status (2015)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Sood, S., PHILLIPS, B., Gallagher, I. J., ATHERTON, P., Lunnon, K., …Timmons, A. H. A. J. A. (2015). A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status. Genome Biology, 16(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0750-x

Background Diagnostics of the human ageing process may help predict future healthcare needs or guide preventative measures for tackling diseases of older age. We take a transcriptomics approach to build the first reproducible multi-tissue RNA expres... Read More about A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status.

The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply (2015)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Wilkinson, D. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 309(5), Article E450-E457. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2015

Essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for skeletal muscle anabolic effects after nutrient intake. The pattern of appearance of EAA in blood, e.g., after intake of “slow” or “fast” protein sources or in response to grazing vs. bolus feeding patt... Read More about The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply.

Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans (2015)
Journal Article
Smith, K., Cegielski, J., Wilkinson, D., Phillips, B., Boereboom, C., Lund, J., & Atherton, P. (2015). Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans. Physiological Reports, 3(7), https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12433

Stable isotope tracer methodologies are becoming increasingly widespread in metabolic research; yet a number of factors restrict their implementation, such as, i.v infusions, multiple cannulae, tissue samples, and significant cost. We recently valida... Read More about Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans.

The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men (2015)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Limb, M. C., Wilkinson, D. J., Sjøberg, K. A., …Williams, J. P. (2015). The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men. Journal of Physiology, 593(12), https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270343

The anabolic effects of dietary protein on skeletal muscle depend on adequate skeletal muscle perfusion, which is impaired in older people. This study explores fed state muscle microvascular blood flow, protein metabolism and exercise training status... Read More about The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men.

Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health (2015)
Journal Article
Nyasavajjala, S. M., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2015). Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12020

Aims Myoglobin is a haem protein produced in skeletal muscles. Serum concentrations of myoglobin have been proposed as a surrogate marker of muscle mass and function in both cachectic cancer patients and healthy non-cancer individuals. Creatinine,... Read More about Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health.

Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise (2015)
Journal Article
Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Rankin, D., Mitchell, W. K., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 308(12), E1056-E1065. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014

© 2015 American Physiological Society. All Rights Reseved. Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two f... Read More about Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise.

A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men (2014)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men. Journal of Nutrition, 145(2), https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.199604

Background: The anabolic response of skeletal muscle to essential amino acids (EAAs) is dose dependent, maximal at modest doses, and short lived, even with continued EAA availability, a phenomenon termed “muscle-full.” However, the effect of EAA inge... Read More about A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men.

Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia (2014)
Journal Article
Beltran Valls, M. R., Wilkinson, D. J., Narici, M. V., Phillips, B. E., Smith, K., Caporossi, D., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia. Journals of Gerontology, Series A, 70(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu007

Aging is associated with a gradual loss of muscle mass termed sarcopenia, which has significant impact on quality-of-life. Because oxidative stress is proposed to negatively impact upon musculoskeletal aging, we investigated links between human aging... Read More about Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia.

Surgical resection of primary tumour improves aerobic performance in colorectal cancer (2013)
Journal Article
Williams, J. P., Nyasavajjala, S. M., Phillips, B. E., Chakrabarty, M., & Lund, J. N. (2014). Surgical resection of primary tumour improves aerobic performance in colorectal cancer. EJSO - European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 40(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2013.11.009

Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK, with patients suffering declines in muscle mass and aerobic function. We hypothesised that tumour removal in non-metastatic colorectal cancer would lead to a restoration of le... Read More about Surgical resection of primary tumour improves aerobic performance in colorectal cancer.

Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions (2013)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Selby, A. L., …Williams, J. P. (2014). Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 306(2), Article E168-E176. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00440.2013

Skeletal muscle anabolism associated with postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and insulinemia is contingent upon amino acids (AA) and insulin crossing the microcirculation-myocyte interface. In this study, we hypothesized that increasing muscle microva... Read More about Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions.