All Outputs (41)

The consequences of strabismus and the benefits of adult strabismus surgery (2016)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Foulsham, T., & McGraw, P. V. (2016). The consequences of strabismus and the benefits of adult strabismus surgery. Optometry in Practice, 17(3),

Strabismus has a negative impact on patients’ lives regardless of their age. Factors such as self-esteem, relationships with others, education and the ability to find employment may all be negatively affected by strabismus. It is possible to correct... Read More about The consequences of strabismus and the benefits of adult strabismus surgery.

Object size determines the spatial spread of visual time (2016)
Journal Article
Fulcher, C., McGraw, P. V., Roach, N. W., Whitaker, D., & Heron, J. (2016). Object size determines the spatial spread of visual time. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1835), Article 20161024. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1024

A key question for temporal processing research is how the nervous system extracts event duration, despite a notable lack of neural structures dedicated to duration encoding. This is in stark contrast to the orderly arrangement of neurons tasked with... Read More about Object size determines the spatial spread of visual time.

Is the frequency of adult strabismus surgery increasing? (2016)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Foulsham, T., Foss, A. J., & McGraw, P. V. (in press). Is the frequency of adult strabismus surgery increasing?. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 36(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12306

Purpose In recent years there has been an increase in evidence for the functional and psychosocial benefits of correcting strabismus/heterotropia in adults. This study aimed to establish whether there has been an associated change in the frequency o... Read More about Is the frequency of adult strabismus surgery increasing?.

Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception (2016)
Journal Article
Zamboni, E., Ledgeway, T., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2016). Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1833), Article 20160263. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0263

Visual perception is strongly influenced by contextual information. A good example is reference repulsion, where subjective reports about the direction of motion of a stimulus are significantly biased by the presence of an explicit reference. These p... Read More about Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception.

Cue Combination of Conflicting Color and Luminance Edges (2015)
Journal Article
McGraw, P., Sharman, R. J., & Peirce, J. (2015). Cue Combination of Conflicting Color and Luminance Edges. i-Perception, 6(6), https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669515621215

Abrupt changes in the color or luminance of a visual image potentially indicate object boundaries. Here, we consider how these cues to the visual “edge” location are combined when they conflict. We measured the extent to which localization of a compo... Read More about Cue Combination of Conflicting Color and Luminance Edges.

Age-related changes in auditory and visual interactions in temporal rate perception (2015)
Journal Article
Brooks, C., Anderson, A., Roach, N. W., McGraw, P. V., & McKendrick, A. M. (2015). Age-related changes in auditory and visual interactions in temporal rate perception. Journal of Vision, 15(16), doi:10.1167/15.16.2

We investigated how aging affects the integration of temporal rate for auditory flutter (amplitude modulation) presented with visual flicker. Since older adults were poorer at detecting auditory amplitude modulation, modulation depth was individually... Read More about Age-related changes in auditory and visual interactions in temporal rate perception.

The effect of normal aging and age-related macular degeneration on perceptual learning (2015)
Journal Article
Blighe, A. J., Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2015). The effect of normal aging and age-related macular degeneration on perceptual learning. Journal of Vision, 15(10), 16. https://doi.org/10.1167/15.10.16

We investigated whether perceptual learning could be used to improve peripheral word identification speed. The relationship between the magnitude of learning and age was established in normal participants to determine whether perceptual learning effe... Read More about The effect of normal aging and age-related macular degeneration on perceptual learning.

Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity (2015)
Journal Article
Scholes, C., McGraw, P. V., Nyström, M., & Roach, N. W. (2015). Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1817), Article 20151568. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1568

© 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. During steady fixation, observers make small fixational saccades at a rate of around 1–2 per second. Presentation of a visual stimulus triggers a biphasic modulation in fixatio... Read More about Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity.

Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects (2015)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Svensson, C., Besle, J., Webb, B. S., Barrett, B. T., & McGraw, P. (2015). Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects. Journal of Vision, 15(2), doi:10.1167/15.2.25

We describe a method for deriving the linear cortical magnification factor from positional error across the visual field. We compared magnification obtained from this method between normally sighted individuals and amblyopic individuals, who receive... Read More about Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects.

Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding (2014)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., McGovern, D. P., & McGraw, P. V. (2014). Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding. Journal of Vision, 14(6), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1167/14.6.8

The ability to identify a target is reduced by the presence of nearby objects, a phenomenon known as visual crowding. The extent to which crowding impairs our perception is generally governed by the degree of similarity between a target stimulus and... Read More about Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding.

The challenges of developing a contrast-based video game for treatment of amblyopia (2014)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2014). The challenges of developing a contrast-based video game for treatment of amblyopia. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(OCT), Article 1210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01210

© 2014 Hussain, Astle, Webb and Mcgraw. Perceptual learning of visual tasks is emerging as a promising treatment for amblyopia, a developmental disorder of vision characterized by poor monocular visual acuity. The tasks tested thus far span the gamut... Read More about The challenges of developing a contrast-based video game for treatment of amblyopia.

The Effect of Aging on Crowded Letter Recognition in the Peripheral Visual Field (2014)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Blighe, A. J., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2014). The Effect of Aging on Crowded Letter Recognition in the Peripheral Visual Field. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 55(8), 5039-5045. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14181

Purpose.: Crowding describes the increased difficulty in identifying a target object when it is surrounded by nearby objects (flankers). A recent study investigated the effect of age on visual crowding and found equivocal results: Although crowded vi... Read More about The Effect of Aging on Crowded Letter Recognition in the Peripheral Visual Field.

The influence of spatial pattern on visual short-term memory for contrast (2014)
Journal Article
Xing, Y., Ledgeway, T., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2014). The influence of spatial pattern on visual short-term memory for contrast. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 76(7), https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0671-x

Several psychophysical studies of visual short-term memory (VSTM) have shown high-fidelity storage capacity for many properties of visual stimuli. On judgments of the spatial frequency of gratings, for example, discrimination performance does not dec... Read More about The influence of spatial pattern on visual short-term memory for contrast.

Decoding working memory of stimulus contrast in early visual cortex (2013)
Journal Article
Xing, Y., Ledgeway, T., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2013). Decoding working memory of stimulus contrast in early visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(25), https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3754-12.2013

Most studies of the early stages of visual analysis (V1-V3) have focused on the properties of neurons that support processing of elemental features of a visual stimulus or scene, such as local contrast, orientation, or direction of motion. Recent evi... Read More about Decoding working memory of stimulus contrast in early visual cortex.

Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli (2013)
Journal Article
Sharman, R. J., McGraw, P. V., & Peirce, J. W. (2013). Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli. Journal of Vision, 13(4), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1167/13.4.14

Introducing blur into the color components of a natural scene has very little effect on its percept, whereas blur introduced into the luminance component is very noticeable. Here we quantify the dominance of luminance information in blur detection an... Read More about Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli.

A Weber-like law for perceptual learning (2013)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Li, R. W., Webb, B. S., Levi, D. M., & McGraw, P. V. (2013). A Weber-like law for perceptual learning. Scientific Reports, 3, Article 1158. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01158

What determines how much an organism can learn? One possibility is that the neural factors that limit sensory performance prior to learning, place an upper limit on the amount of learning that can take place. We tested this idea by comparing learning... Read More about A Weber-like law for perceptual learning.

The rapid emergence of stimulus specific perceptual learning (2012)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., McGraw, P. V., Sekuler, A. B., & Bennett, P. J. (2012). The rapid emergence of stimulus specific perceptual learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 3(226), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00226

Is stimulus specific perceptual learning the result of extended practice or does it emerge early in the time course of learning? We examined this issue by manipulating the amount of practice given on a face identification task on Day 1, and altering... Read More about The rapid emergence of stimulus specific perceptual learning.

Perceptual learning reduces crowding in amblyopia and in the normal periphery (2012)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Webb, B. S., Astle, A. T., & McGraw, P. V. (2012). Perceptual learning reduces crowding in amblyopia and in the normal periphery. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(2), https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3845-11.2012

Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder of cortical origin, characterized by crowding and poor acuity in central vision of the affected eye. Crowding refers to the adverse effects of surrounding items on object identification, common only in nor... Read More about Perceptual learning reduces crowding in amblyopia and in the normal periphery.

Size-induced distortions in perceptual maps of visual space (2012)
Journal Article
McGraw, P. V., Roach, N. W., Badcock, D. R., & Whitaker, D. (2012). Size-induced distortions in perceptual maps of visual space. Journal of Vision, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1167/12.4.8

In order to interact with our environment, the human brain constructs maps of visual space. The orderly mapping of external space across the retinal surface, termed retinotopy, is maintained at subsequent levels of visual cortical processing and unde... Read More about Size-induced distortions in perceptual maps of visual space.

Spatial frequency discrimination learning in normal and developmentally impaired human vision (2010)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2010). Spatial frequency discrimination learning in normal and developmentally impaired human vision. Vision Research, 50(23), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.004

Perceptual learning effects demonstrate that the adult visual system retains neural plasticity. If perceptual learning holds any value as a treatment tool for amblyopia, trained improvements in performance must generalise. Here we investigate whether... Read More about Spatial frequency discrimination learning in normal and developmentally impaired human vision.