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Effective fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in humans is associated with increased signalling in bile acid-farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor pathway (2018)
Journal Article
Monaghan, T. M., Mullish, B. H., Patterson, J., Wong, G. K., Marchesi, J. R., Xu, H., …Kao, D. (2018). Effective fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in humans is associated with increased signalling in bile acid-farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor pathway. Gut Microbes, https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2018.1506667

The mechanisms of efficacy for fecal microbiota# transplantation (FMT) in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) remain poorly defined, with restored gut microbiota-bile acid interactions representing one possible explanation. F... Read More about Effective fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in humans is associated with increased signalling in bile acid-farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor pathway.

Opioid receptors in the GI tract: targets for treatment of both diarrhea and constipation in functional bowel disorders? (2018)
Journal Article
Pannemans, J., & Corsetti, M. (2018). Opioid receptors in the GI tract: targets for treatment of both diarrhea and constipation in functional bowel disorders?. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 43, 53-58. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.008

Opioids have been used for centuries, mostly as a sedative and to treat pain. Currently, they are used on a global scale for the treatment of acute and chronic pain in diseases as osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and low back pain. Binding of opioids on... Read More about Opioid receptors in the GI tract: targets for treatment of both diarrhea and constipation in functional bowel disorders?.

Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: meal, hyperoxia and hypercapnia (2018)
Journal Article
Cox, E. F., Palaniyappan, N., Aithal, G. P., Guha, I. N., & Francis, S. T. (in press). Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: meal, hyperoxia and hypercapnia. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 1053-1807

Background: Non-invasive assessment of dynamic changes in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow detection of subtle haemodynamic alterations in cirrhosis. Purpose: To assess the feasibility of... Read More about Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: meal, hyperoxia and hypercapnia.

Intestinal failure in adults: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Groups (2018)
Journal Article
Pironi, L., Corcos, O., Forbes, A., Holst, M., Joly, F., Jonkers, C., …ESPEN Acute and Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Groups. (2018). Intestinal failure in adults: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Groups. Clinical Nutrition, 36(6A), 1798-1809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.036

Background and aims: Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as “the reduction of gut function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation is required to maintain h... Read More about Intestinal failure in adults: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Groups.

The reporting on ERAS Compliance, Outcomes, and Elements Research (RECOvER) checklist: a joint statement by the ERAS® and ERAS® USA societies (2018)
Journal Article
Elias, K. M., Stone, A. B., McGinigle, K., Tankou, J. I., Scott, M. J., Fawcett, W. J., …the ERAS® Society and ERAS® USA. (2019). The reporting on ERAS Compliance, Outcomes, and Elements Research (RECOvER) checklist: a joint statement by the ERAS® and ERAS® USA societies. World Journal of Surgery, 43(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-4753-0

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs are multimodal care pathways designed to minimize the physiologic and psychological impact of surgery for patients. Increased compliance with ERAS guidelines is associated with improved pati... Read More about The reporting on ERAS Compliance, Outcomes, and Elements Research (RECOvER) checklist: a joint statement by the ERAS® and ERAS® USA societies.

The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Sargeant, J. A., Gray, L. J., Bodicoat, D. H., Willis, S. A., Stensel, D. J., Nimmo, M. A., …King, J. A. (2018). The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12719

This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the impact of structured exercise training, and the influence of associated weight loss, on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It also ex... Read More about The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Time out of general surgery specialty training in the UK: a national database study (2018)
Journal Article
Elsey, E. J., West, J., Griffiths, G., & Humes, D. J. (2019). Time out of general surgery specialty training in the UK: a national database study. Journal of Surgical Education, 76(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.06.011

Objective General surgery specialty training in the United Kingdom takes 6 years and allows trainees to take time out of training. Studies from the United States have highlighted an increasing trend for taking time out of surgical training for res... Read More about Time out of general surgery specialty training in the UK: a national database study.

Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (2018)
Journal Article
Major, G., Murray, K., Singh, G., Nowak, A., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(9), Article e13400. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13400

Background: In functional gastrointestinal disorders a lack of objective biomarkers limits evaluation of underlying mechanisms. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for this task using psyllium, an effective constip... Read More about Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging.

Esomeprazole and aspirin in Barrett's oesophagus (AspECT): a randomised factorial trial (2018)
Journal Article
Jankowski, J. A., de Caestecker, J., Love, S. B., Reilly, G., Watson, P., Sanders, S., …Moayyedi, P. (2018). Esomeprazole and aspirin in Barrett's oesophagus (AspECT): a randomised factorial trial. Lancet, 392(10145), 400-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2818%2931388-6

Background: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) is the sixth commonest cause of cancer death worldwide and Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is the most significant risk factor. We evaluated the efficacy of high-dose esomeprazole proton pump inhibitor acid suppr... Read More about Esomeprazole and aspirin in Barrett's oesophagus (AspECT): a randomised factorial trial.

A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects (2018)
Journal Article
Sloan, T. J., Jalanka, J., Major, G. A. D., Krishnasamy, S., Pritchard, S., Abdelrazig, S., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects. PLoS ONE, 13(7), Article e0201410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201410

Background & aims Ingestion of poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates (fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols; FODMAPs) have been implicated in exacerbating intestinal symptoms and the reduction of intake with symptom alleviatio... Read More about A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects.

ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO-C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis (2018)
Journal Article
Daniels, S. J., Leeming, D. J., Eslam, M., Hashem, A. M., Nielsen, M. J., Krag, A., …George, J. (2019). ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO-C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Hepatology, 69(3), 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30163

Given the high global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the need for relevant noninvasive biomarkers and algorithms to accurately stage disease severity is a critical unmet medical need. Identifying those with advanced fibrosis... Read More about ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO-C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis.

Hidden dangers of antibiotic use: increased gut permeability mediated by increased pancreatic proteases reaching the colon (2018)
Journal Article
Spiller, R. C. (2018). Hidden dangers of antibiotic use: increased gut permeability mediated by increased pancreatic proteases reaching the colon. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6(3), 347–348.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.06.005

As we learn more about the importance of our microbiome in inflammatory, metabolic, and functional disorders, we are coming to appreciate the risks of disturbing this with broad-spectrum antibiotics. We have known for many years that as antibiotics h... Read More about Hidden dangers of antibiotic use: increased gut permeability mediated by increased pancreatic proteases reaching the colon.

A comparison of two different software packages for the analysis of body composition using computed tomography images (2018)
Journal Article
Rollins, K. E., Awwad, A., MacDonald, I. A., & Lobo, D. N. (2019). A comparison of two different software packages for the analysis of body composition using computed tomography images. Nutrition, 57, 92-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.003

Objectives: Body composition analysis from computed tomography (CT) imaging has become widespread. However, the methodology used is far from established. Two main software packages are in common usage for body composition analysis, with results used... Read More about A comparison of two different software packages for the analysis of body composition using computed tomography images.

All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of patients treated for alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Abdul-Rahman, A., Card, T. R., Grainge, M. J., & Fleming, K. M. (2018). All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of patients treated for alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis. Substance Abuse, 39(4), 509-517. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2018.1475318

Background Although alcohol use disorders (AUD) are known to increase the relative risk of all-cause and some cause-specific mortalities, the absolute mortality rates of the AUD population are unknown. Such knowledge would benefit planners of the pr... Read More about All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of patients treated for alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis.

Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation (2018)
Journal Article
Fainberg, H. P., Birtwistle, M., Alagal, R., Alhaddad, A., Pope, M., Davies, G., …Symonds, M. E. (2018). Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27376-3

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes pronounced changes after birth coincident with the loss of the BAT-specifc uncoupling protein (UCP)1 and rapid fat growth. The extent to which this adaptation may vary between anatomical locations remains unknown,... Read More about Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation.

Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake (2018)
Journal Article
Halford, J. C., Masic, U., Marseaux, C. F., Jones, A. J., Lluch, A., Marciani, L., …Mela, D. J. (2018). Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake. Obesity Reviews, 19(10), 1329-1339. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12712

We assessed evidence for changes in efficacy of food-based interventions aimed at reducing appetite or energy intake (EI), and whether this could be used to provide guidance on trial design. A systematic search identified randomized controlled tria... Read More about Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake.

Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project (2018)
Journal Article
Hens, B., Sinko, P., Job, N., Dean, M., Al-Gousous, J., Salehi, N., …Amidon, G. L. (2018). Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 548(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.050

Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by perf... Read More about Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project.

A protein microarray assay for serological determination of antigen-specific antibody responses following Clostridium difficile infection (2018)
Journal Article
Negm, O. H., Hamed, M. R., & Monaghan, T. M. (in press). A protein microarray assay for serological determination of antigen-specific antibody responses following Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 136, Article e57399. https://doi.org/10.3791/57399

We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-C. difficile antibody levels in human sera and in separate preparations of polyclonal IVIg. The protocol describes the methodological ste... Read More about A protein microarray assay for serological determination of antigen-specific antibody responses following Clostridium difficile infection.