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Amphiphilic block copolymers from a renewable ?-decalactone monomer: prediction and characterization of micellar core effects on drug encapsulation and release (2016)
Journal Article
Kakde, D., Taresco, V., Bansal, K. K., Magennis, E. P., Howdle, S. M., Mantovani, G., …Alexander, C. (in press). Amphiphilic block copolymers from a renewable Ɛ-decalactone monomer: prediction and characterization of micellar core effects on drug encapsulation and release. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 44, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TB01839D

Here we describe a methoxy poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(ε-decalactone) (mPEG-b-PεDL) copolymer and investigate the potential of the copolymer as a vehicle for solubilisation and sustained release of indomethacin (IND). The indomethacin loading and rel... Read More about Amphiphilic block copolymers from a renewable ?-decalactone monomer: prediction and characterization of micellar core effects on drug encapsulation and release.

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro toxicity in hepatocytes of linear polyesters with varied aromatic and aliphatic co-monomers (2016)
Journal Article
Kakde, D., Powell, L. G., Bansal, K. K., Howdle, S., Irvine, D., Mantovani, G., …Alexander, C. (2016). Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro toxicity in hepatocytes of linear polyesters with varied aromatic and aliphatic co-monomers. Journal of Controlled Release, 244(B), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.003

Polyesters are extensively used in drug delivery because of their controllable biodegradation properties and perceived favorable cytocompatibility. However, new ester-based materials are continually being sought which can be produced from readily acc... Read More about Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro toxicity in hepatocytes of linear polyesters with varied aromatic and aliphatic co-monomers.

Block copolymer synthesis by controlled/living radical polymerisation in heterogeneous systems (2016)
Journal Article
Jennings, J., He, G., Howdle, S. M., & Zetterlund, P. B. (in press). Block copolymer synthesis by controlled/living radical polymerisation in heterogeneous systems. Chemical Society Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00253f

Nanostructured soft materials open up new opportunities in material design and application, and block copolymer self-assembly is one particularly powerful phenomenon that can be exploited for their synthesis. The advent of controlled/living radical p... Read More about Block copolymer synthesis by controlled/living radical polymerisation in heterogeneous systems.

Improved particle size control for the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide (2016)
Journal Article
McAllister, T. D., Farrand, L. D., & Howdle, S. M. (in press). Improved particle size control for the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201600131

Dispersion polymerization is a well-established method of producing polymer particles that are easily handled and processed. With careful choice of reaction conditions this technique can yield well defined, spherical particles for a wide range of app... Read More about Improved particle size control for the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Controlled polymerisation and purification of branched poly(lactic acid) surfactants in supercritical carbon dioxide (2016)
Journal Article
Goddard, A. R., Pérez-Nieto, S., Passos, T. M., Quilty, B., Carmichael, K., Irvine, D. J., & Howdle, S. M. (in press). Controlled polymerisation and purification of branched poly(lactic acid) surfactants in supercritical carbon dioxide. Green Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00745g

Product degradability, sustainability and low-toxicity are driving demand for the synthesis of biobased polymers and surfactants. Here we report the synthesis of novel surface active polymers using cyclic esters (D,L-lactide) and temperature sensitiv... Read More about Controlled polymerisation and purification of branched poly(lactic acid) surfactants in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Effect of supercritical CO2 on the copolymerization behavior of cyclohexene oxide/CO2 and copolymer properties with DMC/salen-Co(III) catalyst system (2016)
Journal Article
Meng, Q., Pepper, K., Cheng, R., Howdle, S. M., & Liu, B. (in press). Effect of supercritical CO2 on the copolymerization behavior of cyclohexene oxide/CO2 and copolymer properties with DMC/salen-Co(III) catalyst system. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.28162

The copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was carried out under supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditions to afford poly (cyclohexene carbonate)(PCHC) in high yield. The scCO2 provided not only the C1 feedstock but also prov... Read More about Effect of supercritical CO2 on the copolymerization behavior of cyclohexene oxide/CO2 and copolymer properties with DMC/salen-Co(III) catalyst system.

A facile and green route to terpene derived acrylate and methacrylate monomers and simple free radical polymerisation to yield new renewable polymers and coatings (2016)
Journal Article
Sainz, M. F., Souto, J. A., Regentova, D., Johansson, M. K. G., Timhagen, S. T., Irvine, D. J., …Howdle, S. M. (2016). A facile and green route to terpene derived acrylate and methacrylate monomers and simple free radical polymerisation to yield new renewable polymers and coatings. Polymer Chemistry, 7(16), 2882-2887. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py00357e

We present new acrylic monomers derived directly from abundant naturally available terpenes via a facile, green and catalytic approach. These monomers can be polymerised to create new polymers with a wide range of mechanical properties that positions... Read More about A facile and green route to terpene derived acrylate and methacrylate monomers and simple free radical polymerisation to yield new renewable polymers and coatings.

Towards sustainable polymeric nano-carriers and surfactants: facile low temperature enzymatic synthesis of bio-based amphiphilic copolymers in scCO2 (2016)
Journal Article
Curia, S., & Howdle, S. M. (2016). Towards sustainable polymeric nano-carriers and surfactants: facile low temperature enzymatic synthesis of bio-based amphiphilic copolymers in scCO2. Polymer Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6PY00066E

We demonstrate that useful bio-based amphiphilic polymers can be produced enzymatically at a mild temperature, in a solvent-free system and using renewably sourced monomers, by exploiting the unique properties of supercritical CO2 (scCO2). We present... Read More about Towards sustainable polymeric nano-carriers and surfactants: facile low temperature enzymatic synthesis of bio-based amphiphilic copolymers in scCO2.