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A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes (2016)
Journal Article
MacDonald, I. A. (in press). A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(S2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1340-8

The potential impact on health of diets rich in free sugars, and particularly fructose, is of major concern. The focus of this review is the impact of these sugars on insulin resistance and obesity, and the associated risk of developing type 2 diabet... Read More about A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes.

Beneficial effects of replacing diet beverages with water on type 2 diabetic obese women following a hypo-energetic diet: a randomized, 24-week clinical trial (2016)
Journal Article
Madjd, A., Taylor, M. A., Delavari, A., Malekzadeh, R., MacDonald, I. A., & Farshchi, H. R. (2017). Beneficial effects of replacing diet beverages with water on type 2 diabetic obese women following a hypo-energetic diet: a randomized, 24-week clinical trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(1), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12793

Abstract AIMS: To compare the effect of replacing diet beverages (DBs) with water or continuing to drink DBs in patients with type 2 diabetes during a 24-week weight loss program. The primary endpoint was the effect of intervention on weight over... Read More about Beneficial effects of replacing diet beverages with water on type 2 diabetic obese women following a hypo-energetic diet: a randomized, 24-week clinical trial.

Effect of weekly physical activity frequency on weight loss in healthy overweight and obese women attending a weight loss program: a randomized controlled trial (2016)
Journal Article
Madjd, A., Taylor, M. A., Shafiei Neek, L., Delavari, A., Malekzadeh, R., MacDonald, I. A., & Farshchi, H. R. (2016). Effect of weekly physical activity frequency on weight loss in healthy overweight and obese women attending a weight loss program: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(5), 1202-1208. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136408

© 2016 American Society for Nutrition. Background: The effect of intensity and duration of physical activity (PA) on weight loss has been well described. However, the effect of the frequency of weekly PA on weight loss is still unknown. Objective: Th... Read More about Effect of weekly physical activity frequency on weight loss in healthy overweight and obese women attending a weight loss program: a randomized controlled trial.

The Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis on Outcomes of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer or Distal 1 Cholangiocarcinoma (2016)
Journal Article
Rollins, K. E., Tewari, N., Ackner, A., Awwad, A., Madhusudan, S., Macdonald, I. A., …Lobo, D. N. (2016). The Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis on Outcomes of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer or Distal 1 Cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical Nutrition, 35(5), 1103-1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.08.005

Abstract Background and aims: Patients with pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis, are often cachectic, and frequently demonstrate features of systemic inflammation, which may contribute to the phenomenon of myosteatosis. Analysis of body compos... Read More about The Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis on Outcomes of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer or Distal 1 Cholangiocarcinoma.

Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study (2016)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Falcone, Y., Lingaya, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., …Aithal, G. P. (2017). Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12784

Aim: To investigate the acute and longer-term effects of low (LGI) versus high glycaemic index (HGI) diets on hepatic fat and glycogen accumulation and related blood measures in healthy volunteers. Methods: Eight healthy men (age 20.1 � 0.4 years,... Read More about Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study.

Beneficial effect of high energy intake at lunch rather than dinner on weight loss in healthy obese women in a weight-loss program: a randomized clinical trial (2016)
Journal Article
Madjd, A., Taylor, M. A., Delavari, A., Malekzadeh, R., MacDonald, I. A., & Farshchi, H. R. (2016). Beneficial effect of high energy intake at lunch rather than dinner on weight loss in healthy obese women in a weight-loss program: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(4), https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.134163

ABSTRACT Background: The association between the time of nutrient intake and health has been described in a few studies. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the relation between high energy intakes at lunch compared with at dinner on weight los... Read More about Beneficial effect of high energy intake at lunch rather than dinner on weight loss in healthy obese women in a weight-loss program: a randomized clinical trial.

On the combined effects of normobaric hypoxia and bed rest upon bone and mineral metabolism: Results from the PlanHab study (2016)
Journal Article
Rittweger, J., Debevec, T., Frings-Meuthen, P., Lau, P., Mittag, U., Ganse, B., …Mekjavic, I. B. (2016). On the combined effects of normobaric hypoxia and bed rest upon bone and mineral metabolism: Results from the PlanHab study. BONE, 91, 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.013

Bone losses are common as a consequence of unloading and also in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although hypoxia has been implicated as an important factor to drive bone loss, its interaction with unloading remains unreso... Read More about On the combined effects of normobaric hypoxia and bed rest upon bone and mineral metabolism: Results from the PlanHab study.

Effects of prolonged hypoxia and bed rest on appetite and appetite-related hormones (2016)
Journal Article
Debevec, T., Simpson, E. J., Mekjavic, I. B., Eiken, O., & Macdonald, I. A. (2016). Effects of prolonged hypoxia and bed rest on appetite and appetite-related hormones. Appetite, 107, 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.07.005

Environmental hypoxia and inactivity have both been shown to modulate appetite. To elucidate the independent and combined effects of hypoxia and bed rest-induced inactivity on appetite-related hormones and subjective appetite, eleven healthy, non-obe... Read More about Effects of prolonged hypoxia and bed rest on appetite and appetite-related hormones.

Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in healthy normal-weight women (2016)
Journal Article
Alhussain, M. H., Macdonald, I. A., & Taylor, M. A. (2016). Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in healthy normal-weight women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125401

Background: Obesity is increasing in parallel with greater all-day food availability. The latter may promote meal irregularity, dysregulation of the energy balance, and poor metabolic health. Objective: We investigated the effect of meal irregularit... Read More about Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in healthy normal-weight women.

Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study (2016)
Journal Article
Chowdhury, A. H., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Costigan, C., Marciani, L., MacDonald, I. A., …Lobo, D. N. (2016). Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Annals of Surgery, 263(3), 450-457. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001110

Objective: We aimed to demonstrate the effect of continuous or bolus nasogastric feeding on gastric emptying, small bowel water content, and splanchnic blood flow measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the context of changes in plasma gast... Read More about Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.

PlanHab: the combined and separate effects of 16 days of bed rest and normobaric hypoxic confinement on circulating lipids and indices of insulin sensitivity in healthy men (2016)
Journal Article
Simpson, E. J., Debevec, T., Eiken, O., Mekjavic, I., & Macdonald, I. (2016). PlanHab: the combined and separate effects of 16 days of bed rest and normobaric hypoxic confinement on circulating lipids and indices of insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(8), 947-955. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00897.2015