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Fossilized records of past seas (2002)
Journal Article
Wade, C., & Darling, K. (2002). Fossilized records of past seas. Microbiology Today, 29, 183-184

The planktonic foraminifera are an important part of the zooplankton, and their calcific shells, preserved in the ocean sediments, form one of the most complete fossil records on earth. Chris Wade and Kate Darling explain how they can be used as indi... Read More about Fossilized records of past seas.

The proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 conditions dendritic cells to produce less interleukin-12: Allergen-induced Th2 bias determined at the dendritic cell level (2002)
Journal Article
Ghaemmaghami, A. M., Gough, L., Sewell, H. F., & Shakib, F. (2002). The proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 conditions dendritic cells to produce less interleukin-12: Allergen-induced Th2 bias determined at the dendritic cell level. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 32(10), 1468-1475. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01504.x

Background: The proteolytic activity of the house dust mite allergen Der p 1 has recently been shown to bias Th cell subset development in favour of Th2. Apart from its direct effect on T cells, it is conceivable that the proteolytic activity of Der... Read More about The proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 conditions dendritic cells to produce less interleukin-12: Allergen-induced Th2 bias determined at the dendritic cell level.

Inferring the phylogeny of disjunct populations of the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus from mitochondrial control region sequences (2002)
Journal Article
Koon, W. F., Wade, C. M., & Parkin, D. T. (2002). Inferring the phylogeny of disjunct populations of the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus from mitochondrial control region sequences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 269(1501), 1671-1679. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2057

The azure-winged magpie (AWM), Cyanopica cyanus, is found in Asia and Iberia. This remarkable disjunct distribution has been variously explained by either the sixteenth-century introduction of birds into Iberia from the Far East, or by the loss of in... Read More about Inferring the phylogeny of disjunct populations of the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus from mitochondrial control region sequences.

Vaccines against human enteric bacterial pathogens (2002)
Journal Article
Dougan, G., Huett, A., & Clare, S. (2002). Vaccines against human enteric bacterial pathogens. British Medical Bulletin, 62(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/62.1.113

The development of vaccines against enteric bacterial pathogens presents a challenge because of the large number of pathogens capable of causing disease and the requirement to induce immunity that is effective in the gut. A new generation of enteric... Read More about Vaccines against human enteric bacterial pathogens.

Host/pathogen interactions at mucosal surfaces: Immune consequences (2002)
Journal Article
Clare, S., Huett, A., & Dougan, G. (2002). Host/pathogen interactions at mucosal surfaces: Immune consequences. Research in Microbiology, 153(7), 455-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-2508%2802%2901345-1

The mucosal immune system has evolved to protect the host against the establishment of infections at or through the mucosal surfaces of the body. Protective immunity must be activated to specific pathogenic agents or their products but inappropriate... Read More about Host/pathogen interactions at mucosal surfaces: Immune consequences.

Local variation in endoparasite intensities of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus )from ecologically similar sites: morphometric and endocrine correlates (2002)
Journal Article
Barnard, C., Behnke, J., Bajer, A., Bray, D., Race, T., Frake, K., …Sinski, E. (2002). Local variation in endoparasite intensities of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus )from ecologically similar sites: morphometric and endocrine correlates. Journal of Helminthology, 76(2), https://doi.org/10.1079/JOH2001109

Much interest has centred recently on the role of adaptive trade-offs between the immune system and other components of life history in determining resistance and parasite intensities among hosts. Steroid hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and se... Read More about Local variation in endoparasite intensities of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus )from ecologically similar sites: morphometric and endocrine correlates.

A molecular phylogeny of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences in Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda) supports the existence of a cryptic species (2002)
Journal Article
MacNish, M., Morgan-Ryan, U., Monis, P., Behnke, J., & Thompson, R. (2002). A molecular phylogeny of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences in Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda) supports the existence of a cryptic species. Parasitology, 125(6), https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182002002366

Since isolates of Hymenolepis nana infecting humans and rodents are morphologically indistinguishable, the only way they can be reliably identified is by comparing the parasite in each host using molecular tools. In the current study, isolates of H.... Read More about A molecular phylogeny of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences in Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda) supports the existence of a cryptic species.

Human T cells that have been conditioned by the proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 trigger enhanced immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells (2002)
Journal Article
Ghaemmaghami, A. M., & Shakib, F. (2002). Human T cells that have been conditioned by the proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 trigger enhanced immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 32(5), 728-732. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01374.x

Background: We have previously demonstrated that the proteolytic activity of Der p 1 selectively cleaves human CD25, the 55 kDa α subunit of the IL-2 receptor. As a result of cleavage of surface CD25, peripheral blood T cells produce less IFN-γ and m... Read More about Human T cells that have been conditioned by the proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 trigger enhanced immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells.

Characterization of the Campylobacter jejuni Heptosyltransferase II Gene, waaF, Provides Genetic Evidence that Extracellular Polysaccharide Is Lipid A Core Independent (2002)
Journal Article
Oldfield, N. J., Moran, A. P., Millar, L. A., Prendergast, M. M., & Ketley, J. M. (2002). Characterization of the Campylobacter jejuni Heptosyltransferase II Gene, waaF, Provides Genetic Evidence that Extracellular Polysaccharide Is Lipid A Core Independent. Journal of Bacteriology, 184(8), 2100-2107. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.8.2100-2107.2002

Campylobacter jejuni produces both lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and a higher-molecular-weight polysaccharide that is believed to form a capsule. The role of these surface polysaccharides in C jejuni-mediated enteric disease is unclear; however, epitopes... Read More about Characterization of the Campylobacter jejuni Heptosyltransferase II Gene, waaF, Provides Genetic Evidence that Extracellular Polysaccharide Is Lipid A Core Independent.

Failure to infect laboratory rodent hosts with human isolates of Rodentolepis(= Hymenolepis) nana (2002)
Journal Article
MacNish, M., Morgan, U., Behnke, J. M., & Thompson, R. (2002). Failure to infect laboratory rodent hosts with human isolates of Rodentolepis(= Hymenolepis) nana. Journal of Helminthology, 76(1), https://doi.org/10.1079/JOH200198

Confusion exists over the species status and host-specificity of the tapeworm Rodentolepis (= Hymenolepis) nana. It has been described as one species, R. nana, found in both humans and rodents. Others have identified a subspecies; R. nana var. frater... Read More about Failure to infect laboratory rodent hosts with human isolates of Rodentolepis(= Hymenolepis) nana.

Prevalence and abundance of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. in wild rural rodents from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland (2002)
Journal Article
Bajer, A., Bednarska, M., Pawelczyk, A., Behnke, J. M., Gilbert, F. S., & Sinski, E. (2002). Prevalence and abundance of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. in wild rural rodents from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland. Parasitology, 125(1), https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182002001865

Prevalence and abundance of Cryptosporodium parvum and Giardia spp. were studied in 3 species of rodents from forests and abandoned agricultural fields in N.E. Poland (Clethrionomys glareolus n=459; Microtus arvalis n=274; Apodemus flavicollis n=209)... Read More about Prevalence and abundance of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. in wild rural rodents from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland.