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Endothelial progenitor cells, potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke: protocol for an observational case-control study (2020)
Journal Article
Othman, O., Rakkar, K., Sprigg, N., Bath, P., & Bayraktutan, U. (2020). Endothelial progenitor cells, potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke: protocol for an observational case-control study. Neural Regeneration Research, 15(7), 1300-1307. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.269028

Ischemic stroke is a devastating, life altering event which can severely reduce patient quality of life. Despite years of research there have been minimal therapeutic advances. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), stem cells involved in both vasculog... Read More about Endothelial progenitor cells, potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke: protocol for an observational case-control study.

Outgrowth endothelial cells form a functional cerebral barrier and restore its integrity after damage (2019)
Journal Article
Bayraktutan, U., Abdulkadir, R., Alwjwaj, M., Othman, O., & Rakkar, K. (2020). Outgrowth endothelial cells form a functional cerebral barrier and restore its integrity after damage. Neural Regeneration Research, 15(6), 1071-1078. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.269029

Breakdown of blood-brain barrier, formed mainly by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), represents the major cause of mortality during early phases of ischemic strokes. Hence, discovery of novel agents that can effectively replace dead or d... Read More about Outgrowth endothelial cells form a functional cerebral barrier and restore its integrity after damage.

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator: A Potential Thrombolytic Agent for Ischaemic Stroke (2019)
Journal Article
Kadir, R. R. A., & Bayraktutan, U. (2019). Urokinase Plasminogen Activator: A Potential Thrombolytic Agent for Ischaemic Stroke. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 40, 347-355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-019-00737-w

Stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Restoration of cerebral blood flow by recombinant plasminogen activator (rtPA) with or without mechanical thrombectomy is considered the most effective therapy for... Read More about Urokinase Plasminogen Activator: A Potential Thrombolytic Agent for Ischaemic Stroke.

Endothelial progenitor cells: Potential novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke (2019)
Journal Article
Bayraktutan, U. (2019). Endothelial progenitor cells: Potential novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke. Pharmacological Research, 144, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.017

Stroke is classified into two main groups depending on its aetiology; ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke which successively develop from the occlusion or rupture of an artery leading to the brain. Despite being the leading cause of human cerebr... Read More about Endothelial progenitor cells: Potential novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke.

Suppression of PKC-α attenuates TNF-α-evoked cerebral barrier breakdown via regulations of MMP-2 and plasminogen–plasmin system (2016)
Journal Article
Abdullah, Z., & Bayraktutan, U. (2016). Suppression of PKC-α attenuates TNF-α-evoked cerebral barrier breakdown via regulations of MMP-2 and plasminogen–plasmin system. BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1862(7), 1354-1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.014

Ischaemic stroke, accompanied by neuroinflammation, impairs blood-brain barrier integrity through a complex mechanism involving both protein kinase C (PKC) and urokinase. Using an in vitro model of human blood-brain barrier (BBB) composed of brain mi... Read More about Suppression of PKC-α attenuates TNF-α-evoked cerebral barrier breakdown via regulations of MMP-2 and plasminogen–plasmin system.

Inhibition of TNF-? protects in vitro brain barrier from ischaemic damage (2015)
Journal Article
Abdullah, Z., Rakkar, K., Bath, P. M., & Bayraktutan, U. (2015). Inhibition of TNF-? protects in vitro brain barrier from ischaemic damage. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.003

Cerebral ischaemia, associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, is known to perturb blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and promote brain oedema formation. Using an in vitro model of human BBB composed of brain microvascular endothelial c... Read More about Inhibition of TNF-? protects in vitro brain barrier from ischaemic damage.

Increases in intracellular calcium perturb blood–brain barrier via protein kinase C-alpha and apoptosis (2015)
Journal Article
Rakkar, K., & Bayraktutan, U. (2016). Increases in intracellular calcium perturb blood–brain barrier via protein kinase C-alpha and apoptosis. BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1862(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.016

An increase in intracellular calcium represents one of the early events during an ischaemic stroke. It triggers many downstream processes which promote the formation of brain oedema, the leading cause of death after an ischaemic stroke. As impairment... Read More about Increases in intracellular calcium perturb blood–brain barrier via protein kinase C-alpha and apoptosis.

NADPH oxidase mediates TNF-?-evoked in vitro brain barrier dysfunction: roles of apoptosis and time (2014)
Journal Article
Abdullah, Z., & Bayraktutan, U. (2014). NADPH oxidase mediates TNF-?-evoked in vitro brain barrier dysfunction: roles of apoptosis and time. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2014.06.002

The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α severely perturbs the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This study explored the specific roles of NADPH oxidase and associated downstream effectors by using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HB... Read More about NADPH oxidase mediates TNF-?-evoked in vitro brain barrier dysfunction: roles of apoptosis and time.

Attenuation of urokinase activity during experimental ischaemia protects the cerebral barrier from damage through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and NAD(P)H oxidase (2014)
Journal Article
Rakkar, K., Srivastava, K., & Bayraktutan, U. (2014). Attenuation of urokinase activity during experimental ischaemia protects the cerebral barrier from damage through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and NAD(P)H oxidase. European Journal of Neuroscience, 39(12), https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12552

Ischaemic injury impairs the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the molecular causes of this defect with regard to the putative correlations among NAD(P)H oxidase, plasminogen–plasmin system components, and mat... Read More about Attenuation of urokinase activity during experimental ischaemia protects the cerebral barrier from damage through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and NAD(P)H oxidase.

Inhibition of Rho-kinase protects cerebral barrier from ischaemia-evoked injury through modulations of endothelial cell oxidative stress and tight junctions (2014)
Journal Article
Gibson, C. L., Srivastava, K., Sprigg, N., Bath, P. M., & Bayrakutan, U. (in press). Inhibition of Rho-kinase protects cerebral barrier from ischaemia-evoked injury through modulations of endothelial cell oxidative stress and tight junctions. Journal of Neurochemistry, 129(5), https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12681

Ischaemic strokes evoke blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and oedema formation through a series of mechanisms involving Rho-kinase activation. Using an animal model of human focal cerebral ischaemia, this study assessed and confirmed the therapeut... Read More about Inhibition of Rho-kinase protects cerebral barrier from ischaemia-evoked injury through modulations of endothelial cell oxidative stress and tight junctions.

Hyperglycaemia promotes cerebral barrier dysfunction through activation of protein kinase C-? (2013)
Journal Article
Shao, B., & Bayraktutan, U. (2013). Hyperglycaemia promotes cerebral barrier dysfunction through activation of protein kinase C-?. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 15(11), 993-999. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12120

Aim: To examine whether protein kinase C (PKC) and associated downstream mechanisms are involved in hyperglycaemia (HG)-evoked blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. Methods: The activities of total PKC (Peptag assay), NADPH oxidase (lucigenin assay) and... Read More about Hyperglycaemia promotes cerebral barrier dysfunction through activation of protein kinase C-?.

Antioxidants attenuate hyperglycaemia-mediated brain endothelial cell dysfunction and blood–brain barrier hyperpermeability (2009)
Journal Article
Allen, C., & Bayraktutan, U. (2009). Antioxidants attenuate hyperglycaemia-mediated brain endothelial cell dysfunction and blood–brain barrier hyperpermeability. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 11(5), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00987.x

Aims: Hyperglycaemia (HG), in stroke patients, is associated with worse neurological outcome by compromising endothelial cell function and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. We have studied the contribution of HG-mediated generation of oxidati... Read More about Antioxidants attenuate hyperglycaemia-mediated brain endothelial cell dysfunction and blood–brain barrier hyperpermeability.

Internal mammary artery smooth muscle cells resist migration and possess high antioxidant capacity (2006)
Journal Article
Mahadevan, V., Campbell, M., McKeown, P., & Bayraktutan, U. (2006). Internal mammary artery smooth muscle cells resist migration and possess high antioxidant capacity. Cardiovascular Research, 72,

Objective- This study investigated whether differences exist in atherogen-induced migratory behaviors and basal antioxidant enzyme capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from human coronary (CA) and internal mammary (IMA) arteries. Methods-... Read More about Internal mammary artery smooth muscle cells resist migration and possess high antioxidant capacity.

High glucose mediates prooxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in coronary endothelial cells (2004)
Journal Article
Bayraktutan, U., Weidig, P., McMaster, D., & Ulker, S. (2004). High glucose mediates prooxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in coronary endothelial cells

Objective: Excess levels of free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-)are associated with the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to investigate the underlying causes of o... Read More about High glucose mediates prooxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in coronary endothelial cells.

Nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase modulate coronary endothelial cell growth (2004)
Journal Article
Bayraktutan, U. (2004). Nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase modulate coronary endothelial cell growth. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 36,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-) are associated with cell migration, proliferation and many growth-related diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a reciprocal relat... Read More about Nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase modulate coronary endothelial cell growth.