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Vision-based detection and coordinate metrology of a spatially encoded multi-sphere artefact (2023)
Journal Article
Isa, M. A., Leach, R., Branson, D., & Piano, S. (2024). Vision-based detection and coordinate metrology of a spatially encoded multi-sphere artefact. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 172, Article 107885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2023.107885

New developments in vision algorithms prioritise identification and perception over accurate coordinate measurement due to the complex problem of resolving object form and pose from images. Consequently, many vision algorithms for coordinate measurem... Read More about Vision-based detection and coordinate metrology of a spatially encoded multi-sphere artefact.

Review of material measures for surface topography instrument calibration and performance verification (2023)
Journal Article
Pappas, A., Newton, L., Thompson, A., & Leach, R. (2024). Review of material measures for surface topography instrument calibration and performance verification. Measurement Science and Technology, 35(1), Article 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/acf1b9

As the need for the manufacturing of complex surface topographies increases, traceable measurement with known uncertainties can allow a manufacturing process to remain stable. Material measures are the link in the chain that connects the surface topo... Read More about Review of material measures for surface topography instrument calibration and performance verification.

Comparison of approximate methods for modelling coherence scanning interferometry (2023)
Journal Article
Hooshmand, H., Pahl, T., de Groot, P. J., Lehmann, P., Pappas, A., Su, R., …Piano, S. (2023). Comparison of approximate methods for modelling coherence scanning interferometry. Proceedings of SPIE, 12619, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2673657

Coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is a widely used optical method for surface topography measurement of industrial and biomedical surfaces. The operation of CSI can be modelled using approximate physics-based approaches with minimal computation... Read More about Comparison of approximate methods for modelling coherence scanning interferometry.

New Standard for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surface Texture Measurement and Characterisation (2023)
Journal Article
Thompson, A., Newton, L., & Leach, R. (2023). New Standard for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surface Texture Measurement and Characterisation. Metrology, 3(2), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3020013

As metal additive manufacturing has been increasingly accepted as a viable method of industrial manufacture, there has been a significant uptake in manufacturers wishing to verify and test their parts through analysis of part surface. However, variou... Read More about New Standard for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surface Texture Measurement and Characterisation.

A Neural Network Separation Approach for the Inclusion of Static Friction in Nonlinear Static Models of Industrial Robots (2023)
Journal Article
Ahmadieh Khanesar, M., Yan, M., Syam, W. P., Piano, S., Leach, R. K., & Branson, D. (2023). A Neural Network Separation Approach for the Inclusion of Static Friction in Nonlinear Static Models of Industrial Robots. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 28(6), 3294-3304. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2023.3262644

Static friction modeling is a critical task to have the accurate robot model. In this article, a neural network separation approach to include nonlinear static friction in models of industrial robots is proposed. For this purpose, the terms correspon... Read More about A Neural Network Separation Approach for the Inclusion of Static Friction in Nonlinear Static Models of Industrial Robots.

Improving the localisation of features for the calibration of cameras using EfficientNets (2023)
Journal Article
Eastwood, J., Gayton, G., Leach, R. K., & Piano, S. (2023). Improving the localisation of features for the calibration of cameras using EfficientNets. Optics Express, 31(5), 7966-7982. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.478934

Camera-based methods for optical coordinate metrology, such as digital fringe projection, rely on accurate calibration of the cameras in the system. Camera calibration is the process of determining the intrinsic and distortion parameters which define... Read More about Improving the localisation of features for the calibration of cameras using EfficientNets.

Quantitative investigation of the validity conditions for the Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering model (2022)
Journal Article
Hooshmand, H., Liu, M., Leach, R., & Piano, S. (2022). Quantitative investigation of the validity conditions for the Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering model. Optical Engineering, 61(12), Article 124113. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.61.12.124113

Approximate and rigorous methods are widely used to model light scattering from a surface. The boundary element method (BEM) is a rigorous model that accounts for polarization and multiple scattering effects. BEM is suitable to model the scattered li... Read More about Quantitative investigation of the validity conditions for the Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering model.

Autonomous image background removal for accurate and efficient close-range photogrammetry (2022)
Journal Article
Eastwood, J., Leach, R. K., & Piano, S. (2023). Autonomous image background removal for accurate and efficient close-range photogrammetry. Measurement Science and Technology, 34(3), Article 035404. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aca497

Close-range photogrammetry can be used to reconstruct dense point clouds of an object with very high surface coverage, making it useful for manufacturing metrology tasks such as part inspection and validation. However, compared to competing technique... Read More about Autonomous image background removal for accurate and efficient close-range photogrammetry.

Evaluating parametric uncertainty using non-linear regression in fringe projection (2022)
Journal Article
Gayton, G., Isa, M., & Leach, R. K. (2023). Evaluating parametric uncertainty using non-linear regression in fringe projection. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 162, Article 107377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2022.107377

Optical coordinate measurement systems, such as fringe projection systems, offer fast, high-density measurements of arbitrary surface topographies. The versatility, speed and information density of fringe projection measurements make them attractive... Read More about Evaluating parametric uncertainty using non-linear regression in fringe projection.

Applications of data fusion in optical coordinate metrology: a review (2022)
Journal Article
Zhang, Z. M., Catalucci, S., Thompson, A., Leach, R., & Piano, S. (2023). Applications of data fusion in optical coordinate metrology: a review. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 124, 1341-1356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10576-7

Data fusion enables the characterisation of an object using multiple datasets collected by various sensors. To improve optical coordinate measurement using data fusion, researchers have proposed numerous algorithmic solutions and methods. The most po... Read More about Applications of data fusion in optical coordinate metrology: a review.

Smart optical coordinate and surface metrology (2022)
Journal Article
Catalucci, S., Thompson, A., Eastwood, J., Zhang, Z. M., Branson, D. T., Leach, R., & Piano, S. (2022). Smart optical coordinate and surface metrology. Measurement Science and Technology, 34(1), Article 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac9544

Manufacturing has recently experienced increased adoption of optimised and fast solutions for checking product quality during fabrication, allowing for manufacturing times and costs to be significantly reduced. Due to the integration of machine learn... Read More about Smart optical coordinate and surface metrology.

Optical system for the measurement of the surface topography of additively manufactured parts (2022)
Journal Article
Vilar, N., Artigas, R., Bermudez, C., Thompson, A., Newton, L., Leach, R., …Carles, G. (2022). Optical system for the measurement of the surface topography of additively manufactured parts. Measurement Science and Technology, 33(10), Article 104001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac7c5c

Additive manufacturing (AM) is now regularly used for customised fabrication of parts with complex shapes and geometries. However, the large range of relevant scales, high slopes, step-like transitions, undercuts, alternation between dark and overly... Read More about Optical system for the measurement of the surface topography of additively manufactured parts.

Detailed Three-Dimensional Building Façade Reconstruction: A Review on Applications, Data and Technologies (2022)
Journal Article
Klimkowska, A., Cavazzi, S., Leach, R., & Grebby, S. (2022). Detailed Three-Dimensional Building Façade Reconstruction: A Review on Applications, Data and Technologies. Remote Sensing, 14(11), 2579. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112579

Urban environments are regions of complex and diverse architecture. Their reconstruction and representation as three-dimensional city models have attracted the attention of many researchers and industry specialists, as they increasingly recognise the... Read More about Detailed Three-Dimensional Building Façade Reconstruction: A Review on Applications, Data and Technologies.

Measurement of laser powder bed fusion surfaces with light scattering and unsupervised machine learning (2022)
Journal Article
Liu, M., Senin, N., Su, R., & Leach, R. (2022). Measurement of laser powder bed fusion surfaces with light scattering and unsupervised machine learning. Measurement Science and Technology, 33(7), Article 074006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac6569

Quality monitoring for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), particularly in-process and real-time monitoring, is of importance for part quality assurance and manufacturing cost reduction. Measurement of layer surface topography is critical for quality mo... Read More about Measurement of laser powder bed fusion surfaces with light scattering and unsupervised machine learning.

Optical metrology for digital manufacturing: a review (2022)
Journal Article
Catalucci, S., Thompson, A., Piano, S., Branson, D. T., & Leach, R. (2022). Optical metrology for digital manufacturing: a review. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 120(7-8), 4271-4290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09084-5

With the increasing adoption of Industry 4.0, optical metrology has experienced a significant boom in its implementation, as an ever-increasing number of manufacturing processes are overhauled for in-process measurement and control. As such, optical... Read More about Optical metrology for digital manufacturing: a review.

Generation and categorisation of surface texture data using a modified progressively growing adversarial network (2021)
Journal Article
Eastwood, J., Newton, L., Leach, R., & Piano, S. (2022). Generation and categorisation of surface texture data using a modified progressively growing adversarial network. Precision Engineering, 74, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.10.020

As machine learning becomes more popular in the precision engineering sector, the need for large datasets of measurement data increases. Due to the often manual, user dependent and labour-intensive measurement processes, collecting a large amount of... Read More about Generation and categorisation of surface texture data using a modified progressively growing adversarial network.

Surface measuring coherence scanning interferometry beyond the specular reflection limit (2021)
Journal Article
Thomas, M., Su, R., de Groot, P., Coupland, J., & Leach, R. (2021). Surface measuring coherence scanning interferometry beyond the specular reflection limit. Optics Express, 29(22), 36121-36131. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.435715

The capability of optical surface topography measurement methods for measurement of steep and tilted surfaces is investigated through modelling of a coherence scanning interferometer. Of particular interest is the effect on the interference signal an... Read More about Surface measuring coherence scanning interferometry beyond the specular reflection limit.

Development of a compact focus variation microscopy sensor for on-machine surface topography measurement (2021)
Journal Article
Santoso, T., Syam, W. P., Darukumalli, S., & Leach, R. (2022). Development of a compact focus variation microscopy sensor for on-machine surface topography measurement. Measurement, 187, Article 110311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110311

On-machine areal surface topography measuring instruments are required for fast and accurate measurement of parts inside production machines without reducing production rates. This paper presents the design and development of a compact focus variatio... Read More about Development of a compact focus variation microscopy sensor for on-machine surface topography measurement.

Low thermal expansion machine frame designs using lattice structures (2021)
Journal Article
Juasiripukdee, P., Maskery, I., Ashcroft, I., & Leach, R. (2021). Low thermal expansion machine frame designs using lattice structures. Applied Sciences, 11(19), Article 9135. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199135

In this work, we investigated tessellating cellular (or lattice) structures for use in a low thermal expansion machine frame. We proposed a concept for a lattice structure with tailorable effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The design i... Read More about Low thermal expansion machine frame designs using lattice structures.

Finite element modelling of defects in additively manufactured strut-based lattice structures (2021)
Journal Article
Echeta, I., Dutton, B., Leach, R. K., & Piano, S. (2021). Finite element modelling of defects in additively manufactured strut-based lattice structures. Additive Manufacturing, 47, Article 102301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102301

Strut-based lattice structures produced by powder bed fusion are prone to characteristic manufacturing defects that alter both their form and surface texture. Most studies in the literature focus on a subset of commonly observed defects, typically ra... Read More about Finite element modelling of defects in additively manufactured strut-based lattice structures.