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Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Davis, J., Martin, S. G., Patel, P. M., Green, A. R., Rakha, E. A., Ellis, I. O., & Storr, S. J. (2014). Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer. BMC Cancer, 14(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-995

Background The calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that function in a variety of important cellular functions, including signalling, motility, apoptosis and survival. In breast cancer high calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression has been asso... Read More about Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer.

High-grade encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an under-recognized entity (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Varga, Z., Elsheik, S., & Ellis, I. O. (2015). High-grade encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an under-recognized entity. Histopathology, 66(5), 740-746. doi:10.1111/his.12591

Aims Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a recognized special type of breast carcinoma. Despite compelling evidence indicating its invasive nature, although not of a conventional form, the current consensus is to manage EPC as an in?situ disea... Read More about High-grade encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an under-recognized entity.

Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Caracappa, D., Benhasouna, A. A., Alshareeda, A., Nolan, C. C., Macmillan, R. D., …Rakha, E. A. (2015). Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 149(2), 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3230-1

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a key facilitator of DNA repair. PARP inhibitors have gained recent attention as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumours including breast cancer (BC). However, the biological and clinic... Read More about Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer.

Novel mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in melanoma – V600E B-Raf reversion and switching VEGF-A splice isoform expression (2014)
Journal Article
Beazley Long, N., Gaston, K., Harper, S. J., Orlando, A., & Bates, D. O. (2015). Novel mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in melanoma – V600E B-Raf reversion and switching VEGF-A splice isoform expression. American Journal of Cancer Research, 5(1), 433--441

Targeting activating mutations in the proto-oncogene B-Raf, in melanoma, has led to increases in progression free survival. Treatment with vemurafenib, which inhibits the most common activating-mutated form of B-Raf (B-RafV600E), eventually results i... Read More about Novel mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in melanoma – V600E B-Raf reversion and switching VEGF-A splice isoform expression.

MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers (2014)
Journal Article
Jackson, B. L., Grabowska, A., & Ratan, H. L. (2014). MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers. BMC Cancer, 14(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-930

Background This non-systematic review article aims to summarise the progress made in understanding the functional consequences of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in prostate cancer development, and the identification of potential miRNA targets as ser... Read More about MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers.

Updated UK recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Pinder, S. E., Bartlett, J. M., Ibrahim, M., Starczynski, J., Carder, P. J., …Ellis, I. O. (2015). Updated UK recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 68(2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202571

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is present in approximately 15% of early invasive breast cancers, and is an important predictive and prognostic marker. The substantial benefits achieved with anti-HER2 targeted therapies... Read More about Updated UK recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer.

Inclusion of KI67 significantly improves performance of the PREDICT prognostication and prediction model for early breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Wishart, G. C., Rakha, E., Green, A., Ellis, I., Ali, H. R., Provenzano, E., …Pharoah, P. D. (2014). Inclusion of KI67 significantly improves performance of the PREDICT prognostication and prediction model for early breast cancer. BMC Cancer, 14(1), Article 908. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-908

Background PREDICT (http://www.predict.nhs.uk) is a prognostication and treatment benefit tool for early breast cancer (EBC). The aim of this study was to incorporate the prognostic effect of KI67 status in a new version (v3), and compare performa... Read More about Inclusion of KI67 significantly improves performance of the PREDICT prognostication and prediction model for early breast cancer.

Prognostic significance of lymphatic invasion in lymph node-positive breast carcinoma: findings from a large case series with long-term follow-up using immunohistochemical endothelial marker (2014)
Journal Article
Mohammed, R. A., Menon, S., Martin, S. G., Green, A. R., Paish, E. C., & Ellis, I. O. (2014). Prognostic significance of lymphatic invasion in lymph node-positive breast carcinoma: findings from a large case series with long-term follow-up using immunohistochemical endothelial marker. Modern Pathology, 27(12), 1568-1577. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2014.60

Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a multi-institutional study (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Tan, P. H., Varga, Z., Tse, G. M., Shaaban, A. M., Climent, F., …Chan, T. (2015). Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a multi-institutional study. British Journal of Cancer, 112(2), 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.592

Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of breast cancer that has basal-like characteristics and is perceived to have poorer prognosis when compared with conventional no specific type/ductal carcinomas (ductal/NST). However, cu... Read More about Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a multi-institutional study.

Clinicopathological significance of ATM-Chk2 expression in sporadic breast cancers: a comprehensive analysis in large cohorts (2014)
Journal Article
Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Arora, A., Alsubhi, N., Agarwal, D., Moseley, P. M., Perry, C., …Madhusudan, S. (2014). Clinicopathological significance of ATM-Chk2 expression in sporadic breast cancers: a comprehensive analysis in large cohorts. Neoplasia, 16(11), 982-991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2014.09.009

ATM-Chk2 network is critical for genomic stability, and its deregulation may influence breast cancer pathogenesis. We investigated ATM and Chk2 protein levels in two cohorts [cohort 1 (n = 1650) and cohort 2 (n = 252)]. ATM and Chk2 mRNA expression w... Read More about Clinicopathological significance of ATM-Chk2 expression in sporadic breast cancers: a comprehensive analysis in large cohorts.

Spicing up endogenous neural stem cells: aromatic-turmerone offers new possibilities for tackling neurodegeneration (2014)
Journal Article
Poser, S. W., & Androutsellis-Theotokis, A. (2014). Spicing up endogenous neural stem cells: aromatic-turmerone offers new possibilities for tackling neurodegeneration. Diabetes, 5(6), https://doi.org/10.1186/scrt517

There is a growing interest in the therapeutic utility of compounds derived from Curcuma longa, an herb of the Zingiberaceae family that has been part of traditional medicine for centuries. Recent reports suggest that bioactive compounds isolated fro... Read More about Spicing up endogenous neural stem cells: aromatic-turmerone offers new possibilities for tackling neurodegeneration.

Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) inhibition as a potential novel targeted therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Mavrou, A., Brakspear, K., Hamdollah-Zadeh, M., Damodaran, G., Babaei-Jadidi, R., Oxley, J., …Oltean, S. (2015). Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) inhibition as a potential novel targeted therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer. Oncogene, 34(33), 4311-4319. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2014.360

Angiogenesis is required for tumour growth and is induced principally by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). VEGF-A pre-mRNA is alternatively spliced at the terminal exon to produce two families of isoforms, pro- and anti-angiogenic, only... Read More about Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) inhibition as a potential novel targeted therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer.

A comparative assessment of the curative potential of reduced intensity allografts in acute myeloid leukaemia (2014)
Journal Article
Russell, N. H., Kjeldsen, L., Craddock, C., Pagliuca, A., Yin, J. A., Clark, R. E., …Burnett, A. .. (2015). A comparative assessment of the curative potential of reduced intensity allografts in acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia, 29(7), 1478–1484. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2014.319

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) provides the best mechanism of preventing relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However non-relapse mortality (NRM) negates this benefit in older patients. Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) permits SC... Read More about A comparative assessment of the curative potential of reduced intensity allografts in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Untangling the ATR-CHEK1 network for prognostication, prediction and therapeutic target validation in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Middleton, F. K., Arora, A., Agarwal, D., Chen, T., Moseley, P. M., …Madhusudan, S. (2015). Untangling the ATR-CHEK1 network for prognostication, prediction and therapeutic target validation in breast cancer. Molecular Oncology, 9(3), 569-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.10.013

ATR?CHEK1 signalling is critical for genomic stability. ATR?CHEK1 signalling may be deregulated in breast cancer and have prognostic, predictive and therapeutic significance. We investigated ATR, CHEK1 and phosphorylated CHEK1 Ser345 protein (pCHEK1)... Read More about Untangling the ATR-CHEK1 network for prognostication, prediction and therapeutic target validation in breast cancer.

Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy (2014)
Journal Article
Zhang, Y., Storr, S. J., Johnson, K., Green, A. R., Rakha, E. A., Ellis, I. O., …Martin, S. G. (2014). Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy. Oncotarget, 5(24), https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2683

Metformin is under evaluation as a potential anticancer agent. Expression of total and phospho(Thr172)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-α (AMPKα and pAMPKα(Thr172) respectively), a main metformin target, was examined in radiotherapy treated b... Read More about Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Hes3 is expressed in the adult pancreatic islet and regulates gene expression, cell growth, and insulin release (2014)
Journal Article
Masjkur, J., Arps-Forker, C., Poser, S. W., Nikolakopoulou, P., Toutouna, L., Chenna, R., …Androutsellis-Theotokis, A. (2014). Hes3 is expressed in the adult pancreatic islet and regulates gene expression, cell growth, and insulin release. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(51), https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.590687

The transcription factor Hes3 is a component of a signaling pathway that supports the growth of neural stem cells with profound consequences in neurodegenerative disease models. Here we explored whether Hes3 also regulates pancreatic islet cells. We... Read More about Hes3 is expressed in the adult pancreatic islet and regulates gene expression, cell growth, and insulin release.

Generation of Hepatocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Developmental Modeling. (2014)
Journal Article
GieseckIII, R. L., Vallier, L., & Hannan, N. (2015). Generation of Hepatocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Developmental Modeling. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1250, 123-142. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2074-7_9

Hepatocytes produced from the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells can be used to study human development and liver disease, to investigate the toxicological response of novel drug candidates, and as an alternative source of primary cells... Read More about Generation of Hepatocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Developmental Modeling..

Heparan sulfate inhibits hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell migration and engraftment in mucopolysaccharidosis I. (2014)
Journal Article
Watson, H. A., Holley, R. J., Langford-Smith, K. J., Wilkinson, F. L., van Kuppevelt, T. H., Wynn, R. F., …Bigger, B. W. (2014). Heparan sulfate inhibits hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell migration and engraftment in mucopolysaccharidosis I. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(52), 36194-36203. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.599944

Mucopolysaccharidosis I Hurler (MPSI-H) is a pediatric lysosomal storage disease caused by genetic deficiencies in IDUA, coding for ?-l-iduronidase. Idua?/? mice share similar clinical pathology with patients, including the accumulation of the undegr... Read More about Heparan sulfate inhibits hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell migration and engraftment in mucopolysaccharidosis I..

STAT3 paradoxically stimulates ??catenin expression but inhibits ??catenin function (2014)
Journal Article
Ibrahem, S., Al‐Ghamdi, S., Baloch, K., Muhammad, B., Fadhil, W., Jackson, D., …Ilyas, M. (2014). STAT3 paradoxically stimulates β‐catenin expression but inhibits β‐catenin function. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 95(6), 392-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/iep.12102

Wnt signalling and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are oncogenic signalling pathways which are deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we investigated the interaction of these two pathways. Firstly, we investigated... Read More about STAT3 paradoxically stimulates ??catenin expression but inhibits ??catenin function.