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Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review (2009)
Journal Article
England, T. J., Martin, P., & Bath, P. M. (2009). Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review. International Journal of Stroke, 4(2),

The potential application for stem cell therapy is vast, and
development for use in ischaemic stroke is still in its infancy. Access to stem cells for research is contentious; however, stem cells are obtainable from both animal and human. Despite a... Read More about Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review.

Good laboratory practice: preventing introduction of bias at the bench (2009)
Journal Article
Macleod, M. R., Fisher, M., O'Collins, V., Sena, E. S., Dirnagl, U., Bath, P. M., Buchan, A., van der Worp, H. B., Traystman, R., Minematsu, K., Donnan, G. A., & Howells, D. W. (2009). Good laboratory practice: preventing introduction of bias at the bench. Stroke, 40(3), Article e50-e52. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.525386

Background and Purpose—As a research community, we have failed to demonstrate that drugs which show substantial
efficacy in animal models of cerebral ischemia can also improve outcome in human stroke.

Summary of Review—Accumulating evidence sugge... Read More about Good laboratory practice: preventing introduction of bias at the bench.

Epidermal Growth Factor Variations in Amniotic Membrane Used for Ex Vivo Tissue Constructs (2009)
Journal Article
Gicquel, J., Dua, H. S., Brodie, A., Mohammed, I., Suleman, H., Lazutina, E., …Hopkinson, A. (2009). Epidermal Growth Factor Variations in Amniotic Membrane Used for Ex Vivo Tissue Constructs. Tissue Engineering: Parts A, B, and C, 15(8), 1919-1927. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0432

Introduction: The amniotic membrane (AM) is used for engineering ex vivo tissue constructs used in ocular surface reconstruction. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) content of the AM is believed to play a key role in supporting corneal epithelial cell exp... Read More about Epidermal Growth Factor Variations in Amniotic Membrane Used for Ex Vivo Tissue Constructs.

The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST) (2009)
Journal Article
Sare, G. M., Bath, P. M., Gray, L. J., Moulin, T., Woimant, F., England, T., …Ringelstein, B. (2009). The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST). Stroke, 40(1), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.526665

Background and Purpose—High blood pressure (BP) is present in 80% of patients with acute ischemic stroke and is
independently associated with poor outcome. There are few data examining the relationship between admission BP and
acute CT findings.
M... Read More about The relationship between baseline blood pressure and computed tomography findings in acute stroke: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST).

Systematic reviews as a tool for planning and interpreting trials (2009)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., & Gray, L. J. (2009). Systematic reviews as a tool for planning and interpreting trials. International Journal of Stroke, 4(1),

Background Systematic reviews followed by ameta-analysis
are carried out in medical research to combine the results of two or more related studies. Stroke trials have struggled to show beneficial effects and meta-analysis should be used more widely... Read More about Systematic reviews as a tool for planning and interpreting trials.

A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack (2009)
Journal Article
Sprigg, N., Machili, C., Otter, M., Wilson, A., & Robinson, T. (2009). A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 80(8), https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.167924

Background: Prompt assessment and investigation of
transient ischaemic attack (TIA) followed by early
initiation of secondary prevention is effective in reducing
recurrent stroke. Nevertheless, many patients are slow to
seek medical advice after... Read More about A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack.

Dipyridamole plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in the secondary prevention after TIA or stroke: a meta-analysis by risk (2008)
Journal Article
Halkes, P., Gray, L. J., Bath, P. M., Diener, H.-C., & Guiraud-Chaumeil, B. (2008). Dipyridamole plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in the secondary prevention after TIA or stroke: a meta-analysis by risk. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79(11), https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.143875

Objectives: Our aim was to study the effect of combination therapy with aspirin and dipyridamole (A+D) over aspirin alone (ASA) in secondary prevention after transient
ischemic attack or minor stroke of presumed arterial origin and to perform subgr... Read More about Dipyridamole plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in the secondary prevention after TIA or stroke: a meta-analysis by risk.

Telmisartan to Prevent Recurrent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events (2008)
Journal Article
Yusuf, S., Diener, H.-C., Sacco, R. L., Cotton, D., Ounpuu, S., Lawton, W. A., …Yoon, B.-W. (2008). Telmisartan to Prevent Recurrent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(12), 1225-1237. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa0804593

Background

Prolonged lowering of blood pressure after a stroke reduces the risk of recurrent stroke. In addition, inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in high-risk patients reduces the rate of subsequent cardiovascular events, including str... Read More about Telmisartan to Prevent Recurrent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events.

Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke (2008)
Journal Article
Sacco, R. L., Diener, H.-C., Yusuf, S., Cotton, D., Ounpuu, S., Lawton, W. A., …Yoon, B.-W. (2008). Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(12), 1238-1251. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0805002

Background: Recurrent stroke is a frequent, disabling event after ischemic stroke. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two antiplatelet regimens — aspirin plus extended release dipyridamole (ASA–ERDP) versus clopidogrel.
Methods: In this... Read More about Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke.

Use of ordinal outcomes in vascular prevention trials: comparison with binary outcomes in published trials (2008)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Geeganage, C., Gray, L. J., Collier, T., & Pocock, S. (2008). Use of ordinal outcomes in vascular prevention trials: comparison with binary outcomes in published trials. Stroke, 39(10), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.509893

Background and Purpose—Vascular prevention trials mostly count “yes/no” (binary) outcome events, eg, stroke/no
stroke. Analysis of ordered categorical vascular events (eg, fatal stroke/nonfatal stroke/no stroke) is clinically relevant
and could be... Read More about Use of ordinal outcomes in vascular prevention trials: comparison with binary outcomes in published trials.

Calculation of sample size for stroke trials assessing functional outcome: comparison of binary and ordinal approaches (2008)
Journal Article
The Optimising Analysis of Stroke Trials Collaboration, O. (2008). Calculation of sample size for stroke trials assessing functional outcome: comparison of binary and ordinal approaches. International Journal of Stroke, 3(2),

Background Many acute stroke trials have given neutral
results. Sub-optimal statistical analyses may be failing to
detect efficacy. Methods which take account of the ordinal
nature of functional outcome data are more efficient. We
compare sample... Read More about Calculation of sample size for stroke trials assessing functional outcome: comparison of binary and ordinal approaches.

Empirical evidence of bias in the design of experimental stroke studies: a metaepidemiologic approach (2008)
Journal Article
Crossley, N. A., Sena, E. S., Goehler, J., Horn, J., van der Worp, H. B., Bath, P. M., …Dirnagl, U. (2008). Empirical evidence of bias in the design of experimental stroke studies: a metaepidemiologic approach. Stroke, 39, https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.498725

Background and Purpose: At least part of the failure in the transition from experimental to clinical studies in stroke has been attributed to the imprecision introduced by problems in the design of experimental stroke studies. Using a metaepidemiolog... Read More about Empirical evidence of bias in the design of experimental stroke studies: a metaepidemiologic approach.

Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries (2008)
Journal Article
Ali, M., Atula, S., Bath, P. M., Grotta, J., Hacke, W., Lyden, P. D., …Lees, K. R. (2008). Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries. Stroke, 40(1), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.518035

Background and Purpose—Stroke incidence and outcome vary widely within and across geographical locations. We
examined whether differences in index stroke severity, stroke risk factors, mortality, and stroke outcome across
geographical locations rem... Read More about Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries.

A novel antimicrobial peptide on the ocular surface shows decreased expression in inflammation and infection (2008)
Journal Article
Abedin, A., Mohammed, I., Hopkinson, A., & Dua, H. S. (2008). A novel antimicrobial peptide on the ocular surface shows decreased expression in inflammation and infection. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0645

PURPOSE: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are cationic host defense peptides with microbicidal and cell-signaling properties. They show promise as potential therapeutic agents. In the present study, a beta-defensin AMP gene was isolated from the ocular... Read More about A novel antimicrobial peptide on the ocular surface shows decreased expression in inflammation and infection.

A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility (2008)
Journal Article
Sprigg, N., Gray, L. J., England, T. J., Wilmot, M. R., Zhao, L., Sare, G. M., & Bath, P. M. (2008). A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility. PLoS ONE, 3(8),

Background: Aspirin, dipyridamole and clopidogrel are effective in secondary vascular prevention. Combination therapy with three antiplatelet agents might maximise the benefit of antiplatelet treatment in the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke.... Read More about A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility.

Predicting long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke: a simple index works in patients from controlled clinical trials (2008)
Journal Article
Konig, I., Ziegler, A., Bluhmki, E., Hacke, W., Bath, P. M., Sacco, R. L., …Weimar, C. (2008). Predicting long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke: a simple index works in patients from controlled clinical trials. Stroke,

Background and Purpose—An early and reliable prognosis for recovery in stroke patients is important for initiation of
individual treatment and for informing patients and relatives. We recently developed and validated models for predicting survival a... Read More about Predicting long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke: a simple index works in patients from controlled clinical trials.

Repeated novel cage exposure-induced improvement of early Alzheimer's-like cognitive and amyloid changes in TASTPM mice is unrelated to changes in brain endocannabinoids levels (2007)
Journal Article
Pardon, M. C., Sarmad, S., Rattray, I., Bates, T. E., Scullion, G. A., Marsden, C. A., …Kendall, D. A. (2007). Repeated novel cage exposure-induced improvement of early Alzheimer's-like cognitive and amyloid changes in TASTPM mice is unrelated to changes in brain endocannabinoids levels. Neurobiology of Aging, 30(7), 1099-1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.10.002

Environmental factors (e.g. stress, exercise, enrichment) are thought to play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease later in life. We investigated the influence of repeated novel cage exposure on the development of early Alzheimer's-like p... Read More about Repeated novel cage exposure-induced improvement of early Alzheimer's-like cognitive and amyloid changes in TASTPM mice is unrelated to changes in brain endocannabinoids levels.

Should data monitoring committees assess efficacy when considering safety in trails in acute stroke? (2007)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Gray, L. J., & Wahlgren, N. (2007). Should data monitoring committees assess efficacy when considering safety in trails in acute stroke?. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 61(10),

The primary role of a trials Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) is to ensure the safety of enrolled patients. In stroke trials, safety is monitored typically by comparing death and stroke specific events between treatment groups. DMCs may also have the... Read More about Should data monitoring committees assess efficacy when considering safety in trails in acute stroke?.