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Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model (2023)
Journal Article
Fang, L., Zhang, Y., Li, D., & Zou, T. (2023). Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2023.3301549

In recent years, consequent pole vernier permanent magnet machine (CPVPMM) has been found higher torque capability and less magnet usage compared to the surface-mounted counterpart i.e. SVPMM, thus attracting extensive interests. Meanwhile, the theor... Read More about Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model.

Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine (2023)
Journal Article
Tan, H., Fan, X., Li, D., Zou, T., Kong, W., Wang, R., …Qu, R. (2023). Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3282213

This article proposes a new additively manufactured winding with integrated heat sinks to improve thermal performance of an oil-cooled yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet machines. The heat sinks featuring pin-fin struc... Read More about Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine.

Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design (2023)
Journal Article
Chen, H., Li, D., Qu, R., & Zou, T. (2023). Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3281712

As one type of flux modulation machines, flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines present high sensitivity to airgap structures. Therefore, both stator/rotor teeth and slot/pole combinations have significant influences on machine performance.... Read More about Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design.

Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations (2023)
Journal Article
Zhao, Y., Li, D., Ren, X., Zou, T., & Qu, R. (2023). Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(3), 3265-3277. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2023.3245586

Benefited from flux modulation effects, surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machines (SPMVMs) present the high-torque low-speed properties, which can become the potential candidates for direct-drive applications. However, their power factor is i... Read More about Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., …Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings (2022)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Liu, C., Moslemin, M., Gerada, C., & Cairns, A. (2022). Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (1163-1169). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910733

This paper aims to assess the performance of some standard cooling strategies which are commonly used in traction electric motors for electric vehicles (EVs) employing hairpin windings. The use of such type of coils does normally lead to higher power... Read More about Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings.

Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Connor, P. H., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Vakil, G., …Paciura, K. (2022). Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910649

This paper investigates the potential benefits for the use of synchronous reluctance machines for traction applications. Permanent magnet machines are often used to generate the highest power densities. However, magnet use has drawbacks including tem... Read More about Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark.

Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding (2022)
Journal Article
Bardalai, A., Gerada, D., Zou, T., Degano, M., Zhang, C., & Gerada, C. (2022). Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding. Energies, 15(15), Article 5701. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155701

In high performance electric machines, the increase of fundamental frequency leads to additional losses in the winding due to parasitic effects such as the associated skin and proximity effects. In the first part, this paper presents an investigation... Read More about Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding.

Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on End-Winding of Stator Immersed Oil-Cooled Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, R., Fan, X., Li, D., Qu, R., Li, L., & Zou, T. (2022). Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on End-Winding of Stator Immersed Oil-Cooled Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(4), 4265-4278. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2022.3186800

The stator immersed oil cooling has emerged as a promising thermal management method for high power density electric machines applied in aerospace applications. However, due to the complex geometry of end-winding, the research on the convective heat... Read More about Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on End-Winding of Stator Immersed Oil-Cooled Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications.

A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, A., Moslemin, M., Cairns, A., Cui, M., …Gerada, C. (2022). A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(3), 3578-3593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3149786

The rapidly increasing demand on power density levels of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems is pushing the boundaries of traction motor performance. Hairpin windings are becoming a popular option for EV motors due to their reduced DC losses and impr... Read More about A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors.

Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements (2021)
Journal Article
Chen, C., Ren, X., Li, D., Qu, R., Liu, K., & Zou, T. (2021). Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 7(4), 2623-2634. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3063426

Torque performance, especially torque density, is a critical performance index for the flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine that is attractive for the propulsion system. In this article, a novel FSPM machine with dual sets of magnet arrange... Read More about Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements.

Rectangular and Random Conductors: AC Losses Evaluations and Manufacturing Considerations (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Preci, E., Valente, G., Bardalai, A., Transi, T., Zou, T., Gerada, D., …Gerada, C. (2020). Rectangular and Random Conductors: AC Losses Evaluations and Manufacturing Considerations. . https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254278

This paper presents a comparison between hairpin and random distributed winding in electrical machines for automotive applications. Indeed, the overall performance of an electrical drive system is seriously affected by its winding design. The conside... Read More about Rectangular and Random Conductors: AC Losses Evaluations and Manufacturing Considerations.

Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Al-Ani, M., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Ramanathan, R., Zou, T., La Rocca, S., …McQueen, A. (2019). Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application. In Proceedings: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (4353-4359). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926697

Recently, the synchronous reluctance machine limits have been pushed toward meeting the requirements of traction applications. A skilled electromagnetic architecture of a synchronous reluctance machine with the help of permanent magnets can push the... Read More about Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application.

A Novel Zero-Sequence Current Elimination PWM Scheme for an Open-Winding PMSM With Common DC Bus (2019)
Journal Article
Shen, Z., Jiang, D., Zhu, L., Xu, Y., Zou, T., Liu, Z., & Qu, R. (2019). A Novel Zero-Sequence Current Elimination PWM Scheme for an Open-Winding PMSM With Common DC Bus. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(12), 12476-12490. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2906975

This paper introduces a novel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) scheme for an open-winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (OW-PMSM) driven by dual two-level three-phase inverter with common dc bus, which can effectively deal with the inherent zero-se... Read More about A Novel Zero-Sequence Current Elimination PWM Scheme for an Open-Winding PMSM With Common DC Bus.

Dual-Segment Three-Phase PMSM With Dual Inverters for Leakage Current and Common-Mode EMI Reduction (2018)
Journal Article
Shen, Z., Jiang, D., Zou, T., & Qu, R. (2019). Dual-Segment Three-Phase PMSM With Dual Inverters for Leakage Current and Common-Mode EMI Reduction. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(6), 5606-5619. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2866338

In a motor drive system, the inverter working in discrete and impulse states generates a common-mode voltage (CMV) at the terminal of the stator winding neutral point. The high-frequency CMV can induce a leakage current and a common-mode (CM) electro... Read More about Dual-Segment Three-Phase PMSM With Dual Inverters for Leakage Current and Common-Mode EMI Reduction.

Flexible Energy Conversion Control Strategy for Brushless Dual-Mechanical-Port Dual-Electrical-Port Machine in Hybrid Vehicles (2018)
Journal Article
Han, X., Kong, W., Qu, R., Li, D., Zou, T., Ren, X., …Gan, C. (2019). Flexible Energy Conversion Control Strategy for Brushless Dual-Mechanical-Port Dual-Electrical-Port Machine in Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(4), 3910-3920. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2854767

Due to the advantages of high torque density and compact mechanical structure, brushless dual-mechanical-port dual-electrical-port (BLDD) permanent magnet (PM) machine has become a promising alternative in series-parallel hybrid electrical vehicles (... Read More about Flexible Energy Conversion Control Strategy for Brushless Dual-Mechanical-Port Dual-Electrical-Port Machine in Hybrid Vehicles.

Inductance Evaluation and Sensorless Control of a Concentrated Winding PM Vernier Machine (2018)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Han, X., Jiang, D., Qu, R., & Li, D. (2018). Inductance Evaluation and Sensorless Control of a Concentrated Winding PM Vernier Machine. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54(3), 2175-2184. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2018.2799982

Due to the advantages of high torque density and simple mechanical structure, permanent magnet vernier (PMV) machines have attracted more and more research interests. In this paper, the inductance nonlinearity of an advanced concentrated winding PMV... Read More about Inductance Evaluation and Sensorless Control of a Concentrated Winding PM Vernier Machine.

A Brushless Dual-Mechanical-Port Dual-Electrical-Port Machine With Spoke Array Magnets in Flux Modulator (2017)
Journal Article
Ren, X., Li, D., Qu, R., & Zou, T. (2017). A Brushless Dual-Mechanical-Port Dual-Electrical-Port Machine With Spoke Array Magnets in Flux Modulator. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53(11), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2705912

Brushless dual-mechanical-port dual-electrical-port (BLDD) permanent magnet (PM) machines have been gaining more and more attentions in recent years, with the merits of two decoupled rotors and contactless torque transmission. However, existing BLDD... Read More about A Brushless Dual-Mechanical-Port Dual-Electrical-Port Machine With Spoke Array Magnets in Flux Modulator.

Performance Comparison of Surface and Spoke-Type Flux-Modulation Machines With Different Pole Ratios (2017)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Li, D., Qu, R., & Jiang, D. (2017). Performance Comparison of Surface and Spoke-Type Flux-Modulation Machines With Different Pole Ratios. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53(6), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2662081

In this paper, performance comparison between surface and spoke-type flux modulation (FM) permanent magnet (PM) machines is presented. Generally, spoke-array magnet arrangement is capable of increasing the torque density of PM machines due to its flu... Read More about Performance Comparison of Surface and Spoke-Type Flux-Modulation Machines With Different Pole Ratios.