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Manufacturable Edgewise Winding Solutions Considering Parallel Slot and Parallel Tooth Stator Structures (2023)
Conference Proceeding
George, L., Walker, A., Zhang, F., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2023). Manufacturable Edgewise Winding Solutions Considering Parallel Slot and Parallel Tooth Stator Structures. . https://doi.org/10.1109/oncon60463.2023.10431188

Due to climate concerns, the push towards transportation electrification to deliver electric machines capable of high-power density performance is becoming increasingly critical. A key component of this is the structure and manufacture of the winding... Read More about Manufacturable Edgewise Winding Solutions Considering Parallel Slot and Parallel Tooth Stator Structures.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., …Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

Cooling System Sizing using LPTN Analysis and Multiphysics Modelling for an Axial Flux Machine and Integrated Drive (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Jeffrey, A. J., Connor, P. H., Vakil, G., Evans, P., Wheeler, P., & Hart, S. (2022). Cooling System Sizing using LPTN Analysis and Multiphysics Modelling for an Axial Flux Machine and Integrated Drive. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910820

In this paper a Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN) is proposed for a Yokeless and Segmented Armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine. A simulation model is used to examine the machine in isolation, with an Integrated Motor Driv... Read More about Cooling System Sizing using LPTN Analysis and Multiphysics Modelling for an Axial Flux Machine and Integrated Drive.

Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Connor, P. H., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Vakil, G., …Paciura, K. (2022). Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910649

This paper investigates the potential benefits for the use of synchronous reluctance machines for traction applications. Permanent magnet machines are often used to generate the highest power densities. However, magnet use has drawbacks including tem... Read More about Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark.

Comparative Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Machine against Conventional Induction Machine for Railway Traction (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Tom, L., Khowja, M. R., Ramanathan, R., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2022). Comparative Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Machine against Conventional Induction Machine for Railway Traction. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2022) (69-76). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEM51905.2022.9910767

Electrification in railway industry offers better performing trains with reduced pollution and maximised capacity. SynREL is gaining more interest as a candidate for traction application in place of IM due to its simple and robust structure. Conseque... Read More about Comparative Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Machine against Conventional Induction Machine for Railway Traction.

Fast Sizing Tool and Optimization Technique for Concentrated Wound Slotless Outer Rotor Motor for eVTOL Application (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Dave, N., Gerada, D., Vakil, G., Zhang, H., Shi, B., Zhang, F., …Gerada, C. (2022). Fast Sizing Tool and Optimization Technique for Concentrated Wound Slotless Outer Rotor Motor for eVTOL Application. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (2094-2099). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEM51905.2022.9910584

This paper aims to present the feasibility and advantages of slotless motors for electric aircraft applications. Currently, eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft are equipped with a slotted motor with concentrated windings and an out... Read More about Fast Sizing Tool and Optimization Technique for Concentrated Wound Slotless Outer Rotor Motor for eVTOL Application.

Analytical Model for the Open Circuit Field due to Different Magnetization Patterns of the rotor in the Slotless Machines (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Dave, N., Gerada, D., Vakil, G., Zhang, H., Li, J., & Gerada, C. (2022). Analytical Model for the Open Circuit Field due to Different Magnetization Patterns of the rotor in the Slotless Machines. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (1204-1210). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910580

From the existing literature, the open circuit field due to different magnetisations of the rotor magnets is known. This includes field due to parallel, radial and Halbach magnetisation. This paper presents the generalised analytical model to represe... Read More about Analytical Model for the Open Circuit Field due to Different Magnetization Patterns of the rotor in the Slotless Machines.

Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives (2022)
Journal Article
Cossart, G., Chen, Y., Yang, T., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., Nasir, U., …Wheeler, P. (2022). Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(4), 4148-4162. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3160153

This paper shares with the aerospace community a case study of turboprop mild hybridisation using a recently developed integrated drive system in the University of Nottingham, UK, within the ACHIEVE project under EU H2020 CleanSky 2 program (project... Read More about Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives.

Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, B., Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Yang, T., & Gerada, C. (2022). Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator. SAE Technical Papers, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0055

Permanent magnet (PM) electrical machine has far-reaching impacts in aviation electrification due to the continuous development in high power density and high efficiency electrical drives. The primary barrier to acceptance of permanent magnet machine... Read More about Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator.

Practical Implementation and Associated Challenges of Integrated Torque Limiter (2022)
Journal Article
Ilkhani, M. R., Syed, S. A., Connor, P. H., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., Rashed, M., & Benarous, M. (2022). Practical Implementation and Associated Challenges of Integrated Torque Limiter. SAE Technical Papers, Article 2022-01-0038. https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0038

Evolving of aircraft design towards further electrification requires safe and fault-free operation of all the components. More electric aircraft are increasingly utilizing electro-mechanical actuators (EMA). EMAs are prone to jamming and subsequent f... Read More about Practical Implementation and Associated Challenges of Integrated Torque Limiter.

Impact of Stator Segmentation on the Performance of Aerospace Propulsion Machines (2022)
Journal Article
Ramanathan Mathavan Jeyabalan, R. K., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., & Minshull, J. (2022). Impact of Stator Segmentation on the Performance of Aerospace Propulsion Machines. SAE Technical Papers, 4(4), 1048-1056. https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0039

Electric machines offering a high power density are required for aerospace applications. Soft magnetic material with a high saturation flux density is one of the key component which is required to realize these power density targets. The need for a h... Read More about Impact of Stator Segmentation on the Performance of Aerospace Propulsion Machines.

Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application (2022)
Journal Article
Shahjahan Ahmad, S., Tom, L., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., & Benarous, M. (2022). Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application. Energies, 15(4), Article 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041467

Safety and reliability of electrical actuators are essential for success of all electric and more electric aircrafts (MEA). Torque limiters improve the reliability of electromechanical actuators (EMA) by restricting the amount of force experienced by... Read More about Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application.

Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies (2021)
Journal Article
Khowja, M. R., Abebe, R., Vakil, G., Walker, A., Patel, C., Gerada, C., …Cascella, G. L. (2021). Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies. Energies, 15(1), Article 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010088

With the increased necessity of a high power density and efficient system in aerospace and marine industries, integrated motor drives provide an excellent solution in the modern era. Therefore, a close structural and functional integration of passive... Read More about Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies.

How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel (2021)
Journal Article
Winter, K., Liao, Z., Ramanathan, R., Axinte, D., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2021). How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel. Materials and Design, 210, Article 110051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110051

Non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) laminations are commonly used to manufacture the rotor and stator core of electric machines. To achieve high machine efficiencies, it is desirable for these NOES laminations to be able to achieve a high saturation... Read More about How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel.

Integrated motor drive: Mass and volume optimization of the motor with an integrated filter inductor (2021)
Journal Article
Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., Patel, C., Odhano, S., & Wheeler, P. (2021). Integrated motor drive: Mass and volume optimization of the motor with an integrated filter inductor. Energies, 14(15), Article 4564. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154564

The present trend of aerospace industries is being shifted towards a “More Electric Aircraft” system which needs to be high power dense. For this purpose, the integration technologies have gained massive interest, providing the benefits of reduced lo... Read More about Integrated motor drive: Mass and volume optimization of the motor with an integrated filter inductor.

Hybrid sensorless motor control in aerospace applications, a survey in sensorless control, optimizing for availability and acoustic noise (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Skoulaxinos, S., Wheeler, P., & Vakil, G. (2021). Hybrid sensorless motor control in aerospace applications, a survey in sensorless control, optimizing for availability and acoustic noise. In 2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD) (175-180). https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425663

A wide range of aerospace applications previously based on hydraulics including the control of aerodynamic surfaces are being actively replaced by lighter, more intelligent Motor Drive Electronics (MDEs). However, motor resolvers commonly used to pro... Read More about Hybrid sensorless motor control in aerospace applications, a survey in sensorless control, optimizing for availability and acoustic noise.

Improving the Saliency of a High Speed SynRel Rotor by using High Strength Martensitic Sleeve (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Ram Kumar, R. M., Vakil, G., La Rocca, A., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., & Fernandes, B. G. (2021). Improving the Saliency of a High Speed SynRel Rotor by using High Strength Martensitic Sleeve. In 2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET). https://doi.org/10.1109/sefet48154.2021.9375705

High strength magnetic steel laminations are the invariable choice to achieve the power density demands of high speed electric machines required in the automotive industry. However, the cost competitive automobile market, favours the use of conventio... Read More about Improving the Saliency of a High Speed SynRel Rotor by using High Strength Martensitic Sleeve.

Lifetime Estimation of Enameled Wires Under Accelerated Thermal Aging Using Curve Fitting Methods (2021)
Journal Article
Khowja, M. R., Turabee, G., Giangrande, P., Madonna, V., Cosma, G., Vakil, G., …Galea, M. (2021). Lifetime Estimation of Enameled Wires Under Accelerated Thermal Aging Using Curve Fitting Methods. IEEE Access, 9, 18993-19003. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052058

Estimating the lifetime of enameled wires using the conventional/standard test method requires a significant amount of time that can endure up to thousands of testing hours, which could considerably delay the time-to-market of a new product. This pap... Read More about Lifetime Estimation of Enameled Wires Under Accelerated Thermal Aging Using Curve Fitting Methods.

Optimization and Analysis of a High Power Density and Fault Tolerant Starter–Generator for Aircraft Application (2020)
Journal Article
Wang, B., Vakil, G., Liu, Y., Yang, T., Zhang, Z., & Gerada, C. (2021). Optimization and Analysis of a High Power Density and Fault Tolerant Starter–Generator for Aircraft Application. Energies, 14(1), Article 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010113

Permanent magnet synchronous machines provide many dramatic electromagnetic performances such as high efficiency and high power density, which make them more competitive in aircraft electrification, whereas, designing a permanent magnet starter–gener... Read More about Optimization and Analysis of a High Power Density and Fault Tolerant Starter–Generator for Aircraft Application.

Design Methodology and Parametric Design Study of the On-Board Electrical Power System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Valente, G., Sumsurooah, S., Ian Hill, C., Rashed, M., Vakil, G., Bozhko, S., & Gerada, C. (2020). Design Methodology and Parametric Design Study of the On-Board Electrical Power System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion.

This paper presents parametric design studies of the on-board Electrical Power System (EPS) for a distributed hybrid aircraft propulsion. The work presents the methodology that has been adopted to develop the physics-based models of the EPS component... Read More about Design Methodology and Parametric Design Study of the On-Board Electrical Power System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion.