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High-Productivity Single-Pass Electrochemical Birch Reduction of Naphthalenes in a Continuous Flow Electrochemical Taylor Vortex Reactor (2022)
Journal Article
Lee, D. S., Love, A., Mansouri, Z., Waldron Clarke, T. H., Harrowven, D. C., Jefferson-Loveday, R., …George, M. W. (2022). High-Productivity Single-Pass Electrochemical Birch Reduction of Naphthalenes in a Continuous Flow Electrochemical Taylor Vortex Reactor. Organic Process Research and Development, 26(9), 2674-2684. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00108

We report the development of a single-pass electrochemical Birch reduction carried out in a small footprint electrochemical Taylor vortex reactor with projected productivities of >80 g day-1 (based on 32.2 mmol h-1), using a modified version of our p... Read More about High-Productivity Single-Pass Electrochemical Birch Reduction of Naphthalenes in a Continuous Flow Electrochemical Taylor Vortex Reactor.

Photochemistry of transition metal carbonyls (2022)
Journal Article
Turner, J. J., George, M. W., Poliakoff, M., & Perutz, R. N. (2022). Photochemistry of transition metal carbonyls. Chemical Society Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00826a

The purpose of this Tutorial Review is to outline the fundamental photochemistry of metal carbonyls, and to show how the advances in technology have increased our understanding of the detailed mechanisms, particularly how relatively simple experiment... Read More about Photochemistry of transition metal carbonyls.

High Yielding Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Norketamine (2022)
Journal Article
Hernando, M. V., Moore, J. C., Howie, R. A., Castledine, R. A., Bourne, S. L., Jenkins, G. N., …George, M. W. (2022). High Yielding Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Norketamine. Organic Process Research and Development, 26(4), 1145-1151. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00407

A new continuous-flow process is presented for synthesis of the pharmaceutical intermediate norketamine (5). Our approach has been to take the well-established and industrially applied batch synthetic route to this promising antidepressant precursor... Read More about High Yielding Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Norketamine.

Selective photoinduced charge separation in perylenediimide-pillar[5]arene rotaxanes (2022)
Journal Article
Pearce, N., Reynolds, K. E. A., Kayal, S., Sun, X. Z., Davies, E. S., Malagreca, F., …Champness, N. R. (2022). Selective photoinduced charge separation in perylenediimide-pillar[5]arene rotaxanes. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 415. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28022-3

The ability to control photoinduced charge transfer within molecules represents a major challenge requiring precise control of the relative positioning and orientation of donor and acceptor groups. Here we show that such photoinduced charge transfer... Read More about Selective photoinduced charge separation in perylenediimide-pillar[5]arene rotaxanes.

Wavelength dependent photoextrusion and tandem photo-extrusion reactions of ninhydrin bis-acetals for the synthesis of 8-ring lactones, benzocyclobutenes and orthoanhydrides (2021)
Journal Article
Sun, W., Kayal, S., Raimbach, W. A. T., Sun, X. Z., Light, M. E., Hanson-Heine, M. W. D., …Harrowven, D. C. (2022). Wavelength dependent photoextrusion and tandem photo-extrusion reactions of ninhydrin bis-acetals for the synthesis of 8-ring lactones, benzocyclobutenes and orthoanhydrides. Chemical Communications, 58(10), 1546-1549. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cc06800h

Ninhydrin bis-acetals give access to 8-ring lactones, benzocyclo-butenes and spirocyclic orthoanhydrides through photoextrusion and tandem photoextrusion reactions. Syntheses of fimbricalyxlactone B, isoshihunine and numerous biologically-relevant he... Read More about Wavelength dependent photoextrusion and tandem photo-extrusion reactions of ninhydrin bis-acetals for the synthesis of 8-ring lactones, benzocyclobutenes and orthoanhydrides.

Self-Optimization of Continuous Flow Electrochemical Synthesis Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography (2021)
Journal Article
Ke, J., Gao, C., Folgueiras-Amador, A. A., Jolley, K. E., de Frutos, O., Mateos, C., …George, M. W. (2022). Self-Optimization of Continuous Flow Electrochemical Synthesis Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography. Applied Spectroscopy, 76(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028211059848

A continuous-flow electrochemical synthesis platform has been developed to enable self-optimization of reaction conditions of organic electrochemical reactions using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and... Read More about Self-Optimization of Continuous Flow Electrochemical Synthesis Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography.

Schengen-pathway controls spatially separated and chemically distinct lignin deposition in the endodermis (2021)
Working Paper
Reyt, G., Ramakrishna, P., Salas-Gonzalez, I., Fujita, S., Love, A., Tiemessen, D., …Salt, D. E. Schengen-pathway controls spatially separated and chemically distinct lignin deposition in the endodermis

Lignin is a complex polymer precisely deposited in the cell wall of specialised plant cells, where it provides essential cellular functions. Plants coordinate timing, location, abundance and composition of lignin deposition in response to endogenous... Read More about Schengen-pathway controls spatially separated and chemically distinct lignin deposition in the endodermis.

Integrated Multistep Photochemical and Thermal Continuous Flow Reactions: Production of Bicyclic Lactones with Kilogram Productivity (2021)
Journal Article
Howie, R. A., Elliott, L. D., Kayal, S., Sun, X. Z., Hanson-Heine, M. W., Hunter, J., …George, M. W. (2021). Integrated Multistep Photochemical and Thermal Continuous Flow Reactions: Production of Bicyclic Lactones with Kilogram Productivity. Organic Process Research and Development, 25(9), 2052-2059. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00089

Combining continuous photochemistry and flow reactions in high-temperature/high-pressure water has enabled us to integrate a multistep sequence into a single process with a reduction in reaction time to 24 h in batch. At the same time, applying this... Read More about Integrated Multistep Photochemical and Thermal Continuous Flow Reactions: Production of Bicyclic Lactones with Kilogram Productivity.

Multigram Synthesis of Trioxanes Enabled by a Supercritical CO2 Integrated Flow Process (2021)
Journal Article
Wu, L., Abreu, B. L., Blake, A. J., Taylor, L. J., Lewis, W., Argent, S. P., …George, M. W. (2021). Multigram Synthesis of Trioxanes Enabled by a Supercritical CO2 Integrated Flow Process. Organic Process Research and Development, 25(8), 1873-1881. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00111

Photochemical synthesis of highly reactive hydroperoxides and their conversion into useful products, such as 1,2,4-trioxanes, are of wide interest for synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceutical manufacturing particularly because of their relevanc... Read More about Multigram Synthesis of Trioxanes Enabled by a Supercritical CO2 Integrated Flow Process.

Excited-State Switching in Rhenium(I) Bipyridyl Complexes with Donor-Donor and Donor-Acceptor Substituents (2021)
Journal Article
Sutton, J. J., Preston, D., Traber, P., Steinmetzer, J., Wu, X., Kayal, S., …Gordon, K. C. (2021). Excited-State Switching in Rhenium(I) Bipyridyl Complexes with Donor-Donor and Donor-Acceptor Substituents. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 143(24), 9082-9093. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c02755

The optical properties of two Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl complexes in which the bpy is substituted with two donor (triphenylamine, TPA, ReTPA2) as well as both donor (TPA) and acceptor (benzothiadiazole, BTD, ReTPA-BTD) groups are presented. For ReTPA2 the absor... Read More about Excited-State Switching in Rhenium(I) Bipyridyl Complexes with Donor-Donor and Donor-Acceptor Substituents.

Porous Metal–Organic Polyhedra: Morphology, Porosity, and Guest Binding (2020)
Journal Article
Argent, S. P., Da Silva, I., Greenaway, A., Savage, M., Humby, J., Davies, A. J., …Schröder, M. (2020). Porous Metal–Organic Polyhedra: Morphology, Porosity, and Guest Binding. Inorganic Chemistry, 59(21), 15646-15658. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01935

Designing porous materials which can selectively adsorb CO2 or CH4 is an important environmental and industrial goal which requires an understanding of the host-guest interactions involved at the atomic scale. Metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) showing p... Read More about Porous Metal–Organic Polyhedra: Morphology, Porosity, and Guest Binding.

Understanding the factors controlling the photo-oxidation of natural DNA by enantiomerically pure intercalating ruthenium polypyridyl complexes through TA/TRIR studies with polydeoxynucleotides and mixed sequence oligodeoxynucleotides (2020)
Journal Article
Keane, P. M., O'Sullivan, K., Poynton, F. E., Poulsen, B. C., Sazanovich, I. V., Towrie, M., …Kelly, J. M. (2020). Understanding the factors controlling the photo-oxidation of natural DNA by enantiomerically pure intercalating ruthenium polypyridyl complexes through TA/TRIR studies with polydeoxynucleotides and mixed sequence oligodeoxynucleotides. Chemical Science, 32, 8600-8609. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sc02413a

Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes which can sensitise the photo-oxidation of nucleic acids and other biological molecules show potential for photo-therapeutic applications. In this article a combination of transient visible absorption (TrA) and time-re... Read More about Understanding the factors controlling the photo-oxidation of natural DNA by enantiomerically pure intercalating ruthenium polypyridyl complexes through TA/TRIR studies with polydeoxynucleotides and mixed sequence oligodeoxynucleotides.

Influence of molecular design on radical spin multiplicity: characterisation of BODIPY dyad and triad radical anions (2020)
Journal Article
Mangham, B., Hanson-Heine, M. W. D., Davies, E. S., Wriglesworth, A., George, M. W., Lewis, W., …Champness, N. R. (2020). Influence of molecular design on radical spin multiplicity: characterisation of BODIPY dyad and triad radical anions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 22(8), 4429-4438. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06427c

This journal is © the Owner Societies. A strategy to create organic molecules with high degrees of radical spin multiplicity is reported in which molecular design is correlated with the behaviour of radical anions in a series of BODIPY dyads. Upon re... Read More about Influence of molecular design on radical spin multiplicity: characterisation of BODIPY dyad and triad radical anions.

The effect of coordination of alkanes, Xe and CO2 (?1-OCO) on changes in spin state and reactivity in organometallic chemistry: a combined experimental and theoretical study of the photochemistry of CpMn(CO)3 (2019)
Journal Article
Wu, X., Liu, Z., Murphy, T. S., Sun, X. Z., Hanson-Heine, M. W. D., Towrie, M., …George, M. W. (2019). The effect of coordination of alkanes, Xe and CO2 (η1-OCO) on changes in spin state and reactivity in organometallic chemistry: a combined experimental and theoretical study of the photochemistry of CpMn(CO)3. Faraday Discussions, 220, 86-104. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fd00067d

A combined experimental and theoretical study is presented of several ligand addition reactions of the triplet fragment 3CpMn(CO)2 formed upon photolysis of CpMn(CO)3. Experimental data are provided for reactions in n-heptane and perfluoromethylcyclo... Read More about The effect of coordination of alkanes, Xe and CO2 (?1-OCO) on changes in spin state and reactivity in organometallic chemistry: a combined experimental and theoretical study of the photochemistry of CpMn(CO)3.

In Situ Sulfidation of Pd/C: A Straightforward Method for Chemoselective Conjugate Reduction by Continuous Hydrogenation (2019)
Journal Article
Moore, J. C., Howie, R. A., Bourne, S. L., Jenkins, G. N., Licence, P., Poliakoff, M., & George, M. W. (2019). In Situ Sulfidation of Pd/C: A Straightforward Method for Chemoselective Conjugate Reduction by Continuous Hydrogenation. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 7(19), 16814-16819. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04347

A method has been developed for the in situ sulfidation of Pd/C under continuous flow. The approach provides a cheap, sustainable, and operationally convenient method for chemoselective conjugate reduction by continuous hydrogenation. High conversio... Read More about In Situ Sulfidation of Pd/C: A Straightforward Method for Chemoselective Conjugate Reduction by Continuous Hydrogenation.

Monitoring the Formation and Reactivity of Organometallic Alkane and Fluoroalkane Complexes with Silanes and Xe Using Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (2019)
Journal Article
Bartlett, S. A., Besley, N. A., Dent, A. J., Diaz-Moreno, S., Evans, J., Hamilton, M. L., …George, M. W. (2019). Monitoring the Formation and Reactivity of Organometallic Alkane and Fluoroalkane Complexes with Silanes and Xe Using Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(29), 11471-11480. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b13848

Complexes with weakly coordinating ligands are often formed in chemical reactions and can play key roles in determining the reactivity, particularly in catalytic reactions. Using time-resolved X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy in co... Read More about Monitoring the Formation and Reactivity of Organometallic Alkane and Fluoroalkane Complexes with Silanes and Xe Using Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy.

A scaled CIS(D) based method for the calculation of valence and core electron ionization energies (2019)
Journal Article
Hanson-Heine, M. W. D., George, M. W., & Besley, N. A. (2019). A scaled CIS(D) based method for the calculation of valence and core electron ionization energies. Journal of Chemical Physics, 151(3), Article 034104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5100098

The calculation of electron ionisation energies is a key component for the simulation of photoelectron spectroscopy. CIS(D) is a perturbative doubles correction for the single excitation configuration interaction (CIS) method which provides a new appr... Read More about A scaled CIS(D) based method for the calculation of valence and core electron ionization energies.

Reversible adsorption of nitrogen dioxide within a robust porous metal–organic framework (2018)
Journal Article
Han, X., Godfrey, H. G., Briggs, L., Davies, A. J., Cheng, Y., Daemen, L. L., …Yang, S. (2018). Reversible adsorption of nitrogen dioxide within a robust porous metal–organic framework. Nature Materials, 17, 691-696. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0104-7

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major air pollutant causing significant environmental and health problems. We report reversible adsorption of NO2 in a robust metal–organic framework. Under ambient conditions, MFM-300(Al) exhibits a reversible NO2 isother... Read More about Reversible adsorption of nitrogen dioxide within a robust porous metal–organic framework.

Photooxidation of Fulvenes in a Continuous Flow Photoreactor using Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent (2018)
Journal Article
Wu, L., Lee, D. S., Boufroura, H., Poliakoff, M., & George, M. W. (2018). Photooxidation of Fulvenes in a Continuous Flow Photoreactor using Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent. Chemphotochem, 2(7), 580-585. https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201800033

A range of 3?substituted oxepinones have been synthesised by the photooxidation of fulvenes with photochemically generated singlet oxygen (1O2) using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a solvent and a CO2?soluble porphyrin photosensitizer. The reactive intermed... Read More about Photooxidation of Fulvenes in a Continuous Flow Photoreactor using Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent.