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Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model (2023)
Journal Article
Fang, L., Zhang, Y., Li, D., & Zou, T. (2023). Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2023.3301549

In recent years, consequent pole vernier permanent magnet machine (CPVPMM) has been found higher torque capability and less magnet usage compared to the surface-mounted counterpart i.e. SVPMM, thus attracting extensive interests. Meanwhile, the theor... Read More about Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model.

Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine (2023)
Journal Article
Tan, H., Fan, X., Li, D., Zou, T., Kong, W., Wang, R., …Qu, R. (2023). Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3282213

This article proposes a new additively manufactured winding with integrated heat sinks to improve thermal performance of an oil-cooled yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet machines. The heat sinks featuring pin-fin struc... Read More about Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine.

Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design (2023)
Journal Article
Chen, H., Li, D., Qu, R., & Zou, T. (2023). Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3281712

As one type of flux modulation machines, flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines present high sensitivity to airgap structures. Therefore, both stator/rotor teeth and slot/pole combinations have significant influences on machine performance.... Read More about Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design.

Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations (2023)
Journal Article
Zhao, Y., Li, D., Ren, X., Zou, T., & Qu, R. (2023). Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(3), 3265-3277. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2023.3245586

Benefited from flux modulation effects, surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machines (SPMVMs) present the high-torque low-speed properties, which can become the potential candidates for direct-drive applications. However, their power factor is i... Read More about Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., …Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Connor, P. H., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Vakil, G., …Paciura, K. (2022). Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910649

This paper investigates the potential benefits for the use of synchronous reluctance machines for traction applications. Permanent magnet machines are often used to generate the highest power densities. However, magnet use has drawbacks including tem... Read More about Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark.

Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings (2022)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Liu, C., Moslemin, M., Gerada, C., & Cairns, A. (2022). Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (1163-1169). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910733

This paper aims to assess the performance of some standard cooling strategies which are commonly used in traction electric motors for electric vehicles (EVs) employing hairpin windings. The use of such type of coils does normally lead to higher power... Read More about Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings.

Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding (2022)
Journal Article
Bardalai, A., Gerada, D., Zou, T., Degano, M., Zhang, C., & Gerada, C. (2022). Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding. Energies, 15(15), Article 5701. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155701

In high performance electric machines, the increase of fundamental frequency leads to additional losses in the winding due to parasitic effects such as the associated skin and proximity effects. In the first part, this paper presents an investigation... Read More about Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding.

Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on End-Winding of Stator Immersed Oil-Cooled Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, R., Fan, X., Li, D., Qu, R., Li, L., & Zou, T. (2022). Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on End-Winding of Stator Immersed Oil-Cooled Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(4), 4265-4278. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2022.3186800

The stator immersed oil cooling has emerged as a promising thermal management method for high power density electric machines applied in aerospace applications. However, due to the complex geometry of end-winding, the research on the convective heat... Read More about Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on End-Winding of Stator Immersed Oil-Cooled Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications.

A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, A., Moslemin, M., Cairns, A., Cui, M., …Gerada, C. (2022). A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(3), 3578-3593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3149786

The rapidly increasing demand on power density levels of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems is pushing the boundaries of traction motor performance. Hairpin windings are becoming a popular option for EV motors due to their reduced DC losses and impr... Read More about A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors.

Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements (2021)
Journal Article
Chen, C., Ren, X., Li, D., Qu, R., Liu, K., & Zou, T. (2021). Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 7(4), 2623-2634. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3063426

Torque performance, especially torque density, is a critical performance index for the flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine that is attractive for the propulsion system. In this article, a novel FSPM machine with dual sets of magnet arrange... Read More about Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements.

Rectangular and Random Conductors: AC Losses Evaluations and Manufacturing Considerations (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Preci, E., Valente, G., Bardalai, A., Transi, T., Zou, T., Gerada, D., …Gerada, C. (2020). Rectangular and Random Conductors: AC Losses Evaluations and Manufacturing Considerations. . https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254278

This paper presents a comparison between hairpin and random distributed winding in electrical machines for automotive applications. Indeed, the overall performance of an electrical drive system is seriously affected by its winding design. The conside... Read More about Rectangular and Random Conductors: AC Losses Evaluations and Manufacturing Considerations.

Influence of Airgap Length on Performance of High Power PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machines (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Zou, T., Gerada, D., Walker, A., Vakil, G., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., …Gerada, C. (2020). Influence of Airgap Length on Performance of High Power PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machines. In 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (1357-1363). https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce44975.2020.9235712

In recent years, synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). More practically, when kVA limitation is considered, embed... Read More about Influence of Airgap Length on Performance of High Power PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machines.

Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Al-Ani, M., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Ramanathan, R., Zou, T., La Rocca, S., …McQueen, A. (2019). Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application. In Proceedings: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (4353-4359). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926697

Recently, the synchronous reluctance machine limits have been pushed toward meeting the requirements of traction applications. A skilled electromagnetic architecture of a synchronous reluctance machine with the help of permanent magnets can push the... Read More about Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application.

Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle (2019)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Al-Ani, M., …Paciura, K. (2019). Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle. In Proceedings: 2019 International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOECS46375.2019.8949929

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to carry out a fluid flow and thermal investigation of a high power dense traction machine for electric commercial vehicle. One of the features of the machine design considered is the high Length/Diameter (... Read More about Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle.

High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Kumar, R. M. R., Zou, T., La Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Walker, A., …Fernandes, B. G. (2019). High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles. In IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (1083-1088). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8927523

High power density and high torque density are the fundamental requirements for electric machines used in traction application. The former is obtained by potentially increasing the speed of the machine while the latter by using high energy density ra... Read More about High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles.

Comparative Analysis of AC losses with round magnet wire and Litz wire winding of a High – Speed PM Machine (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Bardalai, A., Zhang, X., Zou, T., Gerada, D., Li, J., & Gerada, C. (2019). Comparative Analysis of AC losses with round magnet wire and Litz wire winding of a High – Speed PM Machine. In 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8922173

The growing trend of high speed, high power density machines for applications such as EVs, aerospace and machine tools demand these machines to work at higher electrical frequencies. Meanwhile, increasing the fundamental frequency leads to pronounced... Read More about Comparative Analysis of AC losses with round magnet wire and Litz wire winding of a High – Speed PM Machine.

A Novel Zero-Sequence Current Elimination PWM Scheme for an Open-Winding PMSM With Common DC Bus (2019)
Journal Article
Shen, Z., Jiang, D., Zhu, L., Xu, Y., Zou, T., Liu, Z., & Qu, R. (2019). A Novel Zero-Sequence Current Elimination PWM Scheme for an Open-Winding PMSM With Common DC Bus. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(12), 12476-12490. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2906975

This paper introduces a novel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) scheme for an open-winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (OW-PMSM) driven by dual two-level three-phase inverter with common dc bus, which can effectively deal with the inherent zero-se... Read More about A Novel Zero-Sequence Current Elimination PWM Scheme for an Open-Winding PMSM With Common DC Bus.