All Outputs (37)

A Simply Accessed Approach of 2D Shaping Liquid Metal in Microwave Device Applications (2024)
Journal Article
Fang, X., Kelly, J. R., & Alkaraki, S. (2024). A Simply Accessed Approach of 2D Shaping Liquid Metal in Microwave Device Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 66(7), Article e34240. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.34240

In this letter, a simply accessed approach of 2D shaping liquid metal (LM) is presented. This approach allows a microwave device to take advantage of LM in both stretchability and removability. This approach is achieved based on the Young-Laplace the... Read More about A Simply Accessed Approach of 2D Shaping Liquid Metal in Microwave Device Applications.

Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Erman, F., Jilani, S. F., Wang, Z., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2024, March). Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna. Paper presented at 2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Glasgow, United Kingdom

A design for a phased array antenna using liquid metal (LM) technology is presented. The phased array antenna uses substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) feeding structure to excite a 1×4 printed dipole antenna array. The phase distribution on SIW pow... Read More about Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna.

X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Alkaraki, S., Quan Wei Lin, Q., Jilani, S. F., Wong, H., Borja, A., Tang, S., …Kelly, J. (2023, December). X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies. Paper presented at 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2024), Glasgow, UK

This paper presents three reconfigurable phase shifters operate at X-band and designed utilizing liquid metal (LM). The phase shifters operate at 10 GHz and they have very low insertion loss performance and able to handle high levels of radio frequen... Read More about X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies.

mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Qu, Z., & Kelly, J. R. (2024). mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters, 34(2), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2023.3339200

This letter presents the proof of concept of first liquid metal (LM)-based millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phase shifter that have very low insertion loss (IL) performance. The proposed phase shifter has a phase shift up to 360° with a phase resolution of... Read More about mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology.

10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Borja, A. L., Wang, Z., Wong, H., Tang, S., …Kelly, J. R. (2023). 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(11), 5045 -5059. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3308160

This article presents a proof of concept demonstrator for a pair of novel phase shifters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is used to reconfigure each phase shifter. This article presents LM pha... Read More about 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas.

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q.-W., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., & Wong, H. (2023). Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters. IEEE Access, 11, 96987-97000. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3308068

This paper introduces a proof of concept design for the first phased array antenna design enabled by liquid metal (LM) technology. The proposed LM phased array antenna system is based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) to excite an 1×4 printed... Read More about Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters.

Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal (2023)
Journal Article
Wu, Y.-W., Alkaraki, S., Tang, S.-Y., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal. Proceedings of the IEEE, 111(8), 955-977. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3285400

This article reviews the application and technology advancement of gallium (Ga)-based liquid metal (LM) in high-frequency circuits and antennas. It discusses the material properties of common LMs, the fluidic channels used to contain LM and their man... Read More about Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal.

Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna (2023)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Zhou, Y., Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J. R., & Gao, Y. (2023). Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna. IEEE Access, 11, 4095-4104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3235597

A continuously steerable patch antenna employing liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna employs a novel tunable ground plane together with parasitic steering to steer the direction of the main beam. The tunable ground plane consists of a per... Read More about Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna.

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane (2022)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., Alkaraki, S., & Gao, Y. (2023). A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(5), 1045-1049. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2022.3231872

This letter presents a novel reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna that is reconfigured using liquid metal. The proposed antenna employs two approaches in unison to switch the direction of the main beam. Specifically, the antenna uses the parasitic... Read More about A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial (2022)
Journal Article
Lin, Q.-W., Alkaraki, S., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 71(2), 1254-1262. https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2022.3225157

This article presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on an anisotropic metamaterial. The antenna is capable of performing linear-to-circular polarization conversion over a wideband of frequencies in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The propose... Read More about A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial.

Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G (2022)
Book Chapter
Mittra, R., Nasri, A., Arya, R. K., Chaudhary, P., Ketty, J. R., ALkaraki, S., & Borja, A. L. (2022). Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G. In Y. Jay Guo, & R. W. Ziolkowski (Eds.), Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems (43-82). Wiley-IEEE Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813910.ch2

This chapter presents a number of novel concepts for designing antenna arrays, which achieve high gain levels together with wide-angle scan capability. It begins with the Luneburg lens antenna, which supports beam scanning over a very wide angular ra... Read More about Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G.

Reconfigurable Liquid Metal-Based SIW Phase Shifter (2021)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Borja, A. L., Kelly, J. R., Mittra, R., & Gao, Y. (2022). Reconfigurable Liquid Metal-Based SIW Phase Shifter. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 70(1), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2021.3124797

This article presents the first substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) phase shifter that can be reconfigured using liquid metal (LM). This digital phase shifter exhibits low insertion loss and is reciprocal and bidirectional. It incorporates a series... Read More about Reconfigurable Liquid Metal-Based SIW Phase Shifter.

Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches (2020)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., Borja, A. L., Mittra, R., & Wang, Y. (2021). Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 31(3), 257-260. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2020.3040795

This letter presents a new approach for reconfiguring substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) devices. It involves allowing or prohibiting the wave propagation by using a removable wall which is built from a series of drill holes. When the wall is requi... Read More about Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches.

3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization (2020)
Book Chapter
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., & Yue Gao. (2020). 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization. In Q. H. Abbasi, S. Fizzah Jilani, A. Alomainy, & M. Ali Imran (Eds.), Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond (67-99). Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/pbte093e_ch4

This chapter is concerned with corrugated plate antennas. The corrugated plate antennas, presented here, consist of a resonant slot formed within a metallic plate. The resonant slot is surrounded by a rectangular cavity and corrugations. Subwavelengt... Read More about 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization.

Mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas with Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems (2020)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., & Gao, Y. (2020). Mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas with Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems. IEEE Access, 8, 32531-32541. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973087

This paper presents designs and prototypes of low cost multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas for 5G and millimetre-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed MIMOs are fabricated using 3D printing and are able deliver beams in multiple direct... Read More about Mm-Wave Low-Cost 3D Printed MIMO Antennas with Beam Switching Capabilities for 5G Communication Systems.

3D Printed Corrugated Plate Antennas with High Aperture Efficiency and High Gain at X-Band and Ka-Band (2020)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Gao, Y., Stremsdoerfer, S., Gayets, E., & Parini, C. G. (2020). 3D Printed Corrugated Plate Antennas with High Aperture Efficiency and High Gain at X-Band and Ka-Band. IEEE Access, 8, 30643-30654. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2972101

A design criterion for a compact 3D printed high gain corrugated plate antenns that has high aperture efficiency and wide bandwidth is presented in this paper. The proposed design criterion is validated numerically and experimentally by fabricating 3... Read More about 3D Printed Corrugated Plate Antennas with High Aperture Efficiency and High Gain at X-Band and Ka-Band.

Radiation Energy and Mutual Coupling Evaluation for Multimode MIMO Antenna Based on the Theory of Characteristic Mode (2018)
Journal Article
Su, W., Zhang, Q., Alkaraki, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., & Gao, Y. (2019). Radiation Energy and Mutual Coupling Evaluation for Multimode MIMO Antenna Based on the Theory of Characteristic Mode. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 67(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2018.2878078

This paper presents a novel method to evaluate radiation energy and mutual coupling in multimode antennas. Based on the theory of characteristics mode, how much each mode occupies the radiation and the mutual coupling from each feeding port is calcul... Read More about Radiation Energy and Mutual Coupling Evaluation for Multimode MIMO Antenna Based on the Theory of Characteristic Mode.

Performance Comparison of Simple and Low Cost Metallization Techniques for 3D Printed Antennas at 10 GHz and 30 GHz (2018)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Gao, Y., Munoz Torrico, M. O., Stremsdoerfer, S., Gayets, E., & Parini, C. (2018). Performance Comparison of Simple and Low Cost Metallization Techniques for 3D Printed Antennas at 10 GHz and 30 GHz. IEEE Access, 6, 64261-64269. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2874566

We investigate the performance of several metallization techniques for 3-D printed antennas at 10 and 30 GHz. The investigated techniques reduce the complexity and the overall cost of the metallization process. The first investigated technique is cal... Read More about Performance Comparison of Simple and Low Cost Metallization Techniques for 3D Printed Antennas at 10 GHz and 30 GHz.

High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band (2018)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Gao, Y., & Parini, C. (2018). High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 12(12), 1926-1931. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2018.0060

A design criterion for a small, compact, high-aperture-efficient antenna is proposed in this study. The proposed criterion is validated experimentally through fabricating and testing two prototypes for Ku-band and Ka-band applications. The proposed a... Read More about High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band.

Compact and Low-Cost 3-D Printed Antennas Metalized Using Spray-Coating Technology for 5G mm-Wave Communication Systems (2018)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Andy, A. S., Gao, Y., Tong, K. F., Ying, Z., Donnan, R., & Parini, C. (2018). Compact and Low-Cost 3-D Printed Antennas Metalized Using Spray-Coating Technology for 5G mm-Wave Communication Systems. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 17(11), 2051-2055. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2018.2848912

This letter presents a design of two compact, light, rigid, and low-cost three-dimensionally (3-D) printed millimeter-wave antennas for a fifth-generation (5G) communication system. The proposed antennas consist of a radiating slot that is surrounded... Read More about Compact and Low-Cost 3-D Printed Antennas Metalized Using Spray-Coating Technology for 5G mm-Wave Communication Systems.