Microorganisms attached to the lumens and balloons of indwelling urinary catheters and correlation with symptoms, antibiotic use, and catheter specimen of urine results (2019)
Journal Article
Belfield, K., Kalith, S., Aimar, K., Parkinson, R., & Bayston, R. (in press). Microorganisms attached to the lumens and balloons of indwelling urinary catheters and correlation with symptoms, antibiotic use, and catheter specimen of urine results. Journal of Medical Microbiology,

Purpose: To quantify and identify microorganisms attached to the lumens and balloons of removed urethral urinary catheters and relate this to patient-specific information. Methodology: Indwelling urethral urinary catheters were collected from pati... Read More

A trans-atlantic perspective on stagnation in clinical translation of antimicrobial strategies for the control of biomaterial-implant associated infection (2018)
Journal Article
Busscher, H. J., Alt, V., Van Der Mei, H. C., Fagette, P. H., Zimmerli, W., Moriarty, T. F., …Grainger, D. W. (2018). A trans-atlantic perspective on stagnation in clinical translation of antimicrobial strategies for the control of biomaterial-implant associated infection. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01071

Current regulatory requirements impede clinical translation and market introduction of many new antimicrobial combination implants and devices, causing unnecessary patient suffering, doctor frustration, and costs to healthcare payers. Regulatory requ... Read More

Comparison of different human tissue processing methods for maximization of bacterial recovery (2018)
Journal Article
Askar, M., Ashraf, W., Scammell, B., & Bayston, R. (2019). Comparison of different human tissue processing methods for maximization of bacterial recovery. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 38(1), 149-155. doi:10.1007/s10096-018-3406-4

Tissues are valuable microbiological samples that have proved superiority over swabs. Culture of tissue samples is used in the diagnosis of a variety of infections. However, as well as factors such as the site of obtaining the sample, the number of s... Read More

A tolerability and patient acceptability pilot study of a novel antimicrobial urinary catheter for long-term use (2018)
Journal Article
Belfield, K., Betts, H., Parkinson, R., & Bayston, R. (2019). A tolerability and patient acceptability pilot study of a novel antimicrobial urinary catheter for long-term use. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 38(1), 338-345. doi:10.1002/nau.23858

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: microbiological basis (2018)
Book
Bayston, R. (2018). Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: microbiological basis. In M. M. Ozek, C. Sainte-Rose, & G. Cinalli (Eds.), Pediatric hydrocephalus, 1-19. Cham: Springer Publishing Company. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31889-9_76-1

Shunt infection rates have fallen in recent decades but are still too high, especially when infants under 6 months of age are shunted. The causative bacteria are mainly staphylococci derived from the patient’s skin during operation. Bacteria develop... Read More

Small-colony variant of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in prosthetic joint infection (2018)
Journal Article
Askar, M., Bloch, B., & Bayston, R. (2018). Small-colony variant of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in prosthetic joint infection. Arthroplasty Today, 4(3), 257-260. doi:10.1016/j.artd.2018.06.003

Prosthetic joint infection is usually caused by staphylococci. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus lugdunensis is important because it behaves as a pathogen similar to S aureus. It also develops biofilms, and the biofilm phenot... Read More

A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland (2017)
Journal Article
Jamjoom, A., Joannides, A., Poon, M., Chari, A., Zaben, M., Abdullah, M., …Ahmed, A. (2018). A prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 89, doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316415. ISSN 0022-3050

Objectives External Ventricular Drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure. EVD- related infection (ERI) is a major complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish a national ERI rate in t... Read More

Evaluation of combinations of putative anti-biofilm agents and antibiotics to eradicate biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2017)
Journal Article
Belfield, K., Bayston, R., Hajduk, N., Levell, G., Birchall, J. P., & Daniel, M. (2017). Evaluation of combinations of putative anti-biofilm agents and antibiotics to eradicate biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72(9), doi:10.1093/jac/dkx192. ISSN 0305-7453

Objectives To evaluate potential anti-biofilm agents for their ability to enhance the activity of antibiotics for local treatment of localized biofilm infections. Methods Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro biofilm models... Read More

Does release of antimicrobial agents from impregnated external ventricular drainage catheters affect the diagnosis of ventriculitis? (2015)
Journal Article
Bayston, R., Ashraf, W., & Ortori, C. (2015). Does release of antimicrobial agents from impregnated external ventricular drainage catheters affect the diagnosis of ventriculitis?. Journal of Neurosurgery, 124(2), doi:10.3171/2014.12.JNS141900. ISSN 0022-3085

OBJECT Recently concern has arisen over the effect of released antimicrobial agents from antibiotic-impregnated external ventricular drainage (EVD) catheters on the reliability of CSF culture for diagnosis of ventriculitis. The authors designed a... Read More

Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity (2015)
Journal Article
Fisher, L. E., Hook, A. L., Ashraf, W., Yousef, A., Barrett, D. A., Scurr, D. J., …Bayston, R. (2015). Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity. Journal of Controlled Release, 202, doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.037. ISSN 0168-3659

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the commonest hospital-acquired infection, accounting for over 100,000 hospital admissions within the USA annually. Biomaterials and processes intended to reduce the risk of bacterial colonizatio... Read More

Do orally administered antibiotics reach concentrations in the middle ear sufficient to eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria?: a review (2015)
Journal Article
Belfield, K., Bayston, R., Birchall, J., & Daniel, M. (2015). Do orally administered antibiotics reach concentrations in the middle ear sufficient to eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria?: a review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 79(3), 296-300. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.01.003

INTRODUCTION: Infectious conditions of the middle ear are a common and significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Systemic antibiotics are frequently used, but their effectiveness will depend on whether an adequate antibiotic concentrat... Read More

A biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated scaffold to prevent osteomyelitis in a contaminated in vivo bone defect model (2014)
Journal Article
McLaren, J. S., White, L., Cox, H., Ashraf, W., Rahman, C., Blunn, G., …Scammell, B. E. (2014). A biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated scaffold to prevent osteomyelitis in a contaminated in vivo bone defect model. eCells and Materials Journal, 27, doi:10.22203/eCM.v027a24

Open fractures are at risk of serious infection and, if infected, require several surgical interventions and courses of systemic antibiotics. We investigated a new injectable formulation that simultaneously hardens in vivo to form a porous scaffold f... Read More

Bacterial involvement in otitis media with effusion (2012)
Journal Article
Daniel, M., Imtiaz-Umer, S., Fergie, N., Birchall, J., & Bayston, R. (2012). Bacterial involvement in otitis media with effusion. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 76(10), doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.06.013. ISSN 0165-5876

Objective Otitis media with effusion (OME), a common chronic childhood condition affecting hearing, is thought to be a result of bacterial infection, with biofilms recently implicated. Although bacterial DNA can be detected by polymerase chain react... Read More

Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment (2012)
Journal Article
Hook, A. L., Chang, C., Yang, J., Luckett, J., Cockayne, A., Atkinson, S., …Alexander, M. R. (2012). Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment. Nature Biotechnology, 30(9), doi:10.1038/nbt.2316. ISSN 1087-0156

Bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation are key challenges to the long term performance of many medical devices. Here, a high throughput approach coupled with the analysis of surface structure-property relationships using a chemometics... Read More

The use of the ASET in the diagnosis of ventriculoatrial shunt infection: a case report (2012)
Journal Article
Reaper, J., Collins, S. A., & Bayston, R. (2012). The use of the ASET in the diagnosis of ventriculoatrial shunt infection: a case report. BMJ Case Reports, doi:10.1136/bcr.2012.006164. ISSN 1757-790X

A 38yr-old male with a ventriculoatrial shunt presented with nonspecific symptoms (headache, back pain, night sweats) and inconclusive laboratory results. He showed an extremely high titre of antibody to Staphylococcus epidermidis which proved diagno... Read More

Action of linezolid or vancomycin on biofilms in ventriculoperitoneal shunts in vitro (2012)
Journal Article
Bayston, R., Ullas, G., & Ashraf, W. (2012). Action of linezolid or vancomycin on biofilms in ventriculoperitoneal shunts in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56(6), doi:10.1128/AAC.06326-11. ISSN 0066-4804

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts used to treat hydrocephalus have an overall infection rate of about 10% of operations. The commonest causative bacteria are Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci. Major difficul... Read More

Activity of an antimicrobial hydrocephalus shunt catheter against Propionibacterium acnes (2010)
Journal Article
against Propionibacterium acnes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 54(12), doi:10.1128/AAC.00540-10. ISSN 0066-4804

Shunt infection is a major complication affecting approximately 10% of procedures. Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic skin bacterium, is increasingly recognized as a shunt pathogen, causing up to 14% of infections. Though susceptible to penicillin... Read More