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A tale of two rivers: development, destruction, and despair in Ongata Rongai, Kenya (2023)
Journal Article
Howland, O. (2023). A tale of two rivers: development, destruction, and despair in Ongata Rongai, Kenya. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, Article 164881. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1164881

Introduction: Ongata Rongai is a rapidly growing peri-urban space in Nairobi Metropolitan, Kenya. The last 10 years have seen exponential population growth and building development leading to overcrowding and pressure on water and environmental resou... Read More about A tale of two rivers: development, destruction, and despair in Ongata Rongai, Kenya.

Prioritization of livestock diseases by pastoralists in Oloitoktok Sub County, Kajiado County, Kenya (2023)
Journal Article
Mburu, C. M., Bukachi, S., Majiwa, H., Ongore, D., Baylis, M., Mochabo, K., …Howland, O. (2023). Prioritization of livestock diseases by pastoralists in Oloitoktok Sub County, Kajiado County, Kenya. PLoS ONE, 18(7), Article e0287456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287456

Introduction Livestock diseases are a big challenge for the livelihood of pastoralists in sub-Saharan Africa because they reduce livestock productivity and increase mortality. Based on the literature available there is limited understanding on how p... Read More about Prioritization of livestock diseases by pastoralists in Oloitoktok Sub County, Kajiado County, Kenya.

Antibiotic use by poultry farmers in Kiambu County, Kenya: exploring practices and drivers of potential overuse (2023)
Journal Article
Kariuki, J. W., Jacobs, J., Ngogang, M. P., & Howland, O. (2023). Antibiotic use by poultry farmers in Kiambu County, Kenya: exploring practices and drivers of potential overuse. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 12(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01202-y

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global concern threatening achievements in health care since the discovery of antibiotics. In Kenya, this topic remains understudied in a context of rising demand for livestock products, intensification and the... Read More about Antibiotic use by poultry farmers in Kiambu County, Kenya: exploring practices and drivers of potential overuse.

Understanding Household Water Hygiene in Resource-Limited Settings in Kenya (2022)
Book Chapter
Robinson, J., Majiwa, H., & Howland, O. (2022). Understanding Household Water Hygiene in Resource-Limited Settings in Kenya. . InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108231

Climate change means that many more people find themselves living in areas of environmental disadvantage, with water insecurity recognized as a major health issue. Local ecologies shape everyday hygiene practices in households as people respond to di... Read More about Understanding Household Water Hygiene in Resource-Limited Settings in Kenya.

Cross-Sectoral Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in Western Kenya: Identifying Drivers and Barriers Within a Resource Constrained Setting (2021)
Journal Article
Thomas, L. F., Rushton, J., Bukachi, S. A., Falzon, L. C., Howland, O., & Fèvre, E. M. (2021). Cross-Sectoral Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in Western Kenya: Identifying Drivers and Barriers Within a Resource Constrained Setting. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, Article 658454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.658454

Background: Collaboration between the human and animal health sectors, including the sharing of disease surveillance data, has the potential to improve public health outcomes through the rapid detection of zoonotic disease events prior to widespread... Read More about Cross-Sectoral Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in Western Kenya: Identifying Drivers and Barriers Within a Resource Constrained Setting.

Patterns of use, gathering, processing and administration of herbal and alternative medicines among people and livestock in Kenya: a study of local knowledge for One Health (2021)
Journal Article
Howland, O. (2021). Patterns of use, gathering, processing and administration of herbal and alternative medicines among people and livestock in Kenya: a study of local knowledge for One Health. Journal of Global Health Reports, 5, Article e2021042. https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.22245

Background Although much has been written about efficacy of various herbal and plant-based medicines, significantly less is known about patterns of use in humans, and even less about how these are used in livestock. This paper addresses that gap i... Read More about Patterns of use, gathering, processing and administration of herbal and alternative medicines among people and livestock in Kenya: a study of local knowledge for One Health.

Visible and invisible risks: Exploring washing and hygiene practices with women living on low income in Kenya (2021)
Journal Article
Robinson, J., & Howland, O. (2021). Visible and invisible risks: Exploring washing and hygiene practices with women living on low income in Kenya. Global Public Health, 17(6), 1002-1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1887314

Shifting environmental conditions and poor or insufficient hygiene facilitates the transmission of bacteria and viruses between and within species of animals; between humans; and between humans and animals. Taking a One Health perspective, we used in... Read More about Visible and invisible risks: Exploring washing and hygiene practices with women living on low income in Kenya.

Fakes and chemicals: indigenous medicine in contemporary Kenya and implications for health equity (2020)
Journal Article
Howland, O. (2020). Fakes and chemicals: indigenous medicine in contemporary Kenya and implications for health equity. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19, Article 199. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01313-1

Background Access to effective biomedical treatments for humans and livestock in Kenya is far from universal. Indigenous healing has a significant role to play in contemporary society in Kenya, yet access is not the only reason for this. Beliefs sur... Read More about Fakes and chemicals: indigenous medicine in contemporary Kenya and implications for health equity.

Women’s Tears or Coffee Blight? Gender Dynamics and Livelihood Strategies in Contexts of Agricultural Transformation in Tanzania (2020)
Journal Article
Howland, O., Brockington, D., & Noe, C. (2020). Women’s Tears or Coffee Blight? Gender Dynamics and Livelihood Strategies in Contexts of Agricultural Transformation in Tanzania. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, 9(2), 171-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/2277976020925318

The transformations of the coffee sector have posed major challenges to rural farmers who have lost an important source of income. However, the way in which such shocks are experienced by families hinges on the gender relations governing families’ pr... Read More about Women’s Tears or Coffee Blight? Gender Dynamics and Livelihood Strategies in Contexts of Agricultural Transformation in Tanzania.

The multiple meanings of prosperity and poverty: a cross-site comparison from Tanzania (2019)
Journal Article
Howland, O., Noe, C., & Brockington, D. (2021). The multiple meanings of prosperity and poverty: a cross-site comparison from Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies, 48(1), 180-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1658080

Assets are important to local definitions of poverty and wealth in rural Africa. Yet their use in asset indices can miss locally valued change. We present data from 17 villages across Tanzania to explore differences in the meaning of wealth and pover... Read More about The multiple meanings of prosperity and poverty: a cross-site comparison from Tanzania.

Economic growth, rural assets and prosperity: exploring the implications of a 20-year record of asset growth in Tanzania (2018)
Journal Article
Brockington, D., Howland, O., Loiske, V., Mnzava, M., & Noe, C. (2018). Economic growth, rural assets and prosperity: exploring the implications of a 20-year record of asset growth in Tanzania. Journal of Modern African Studies, 56(2), 217-243. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000186

Measures of poverty based on consumption suggest that recent economic growth in many African countries has not been inclusive, particularly in rural areas. We argue that measures of poverty using assets may provide a different picture. We present dat... Read More about Economic growth, rural assets and prosperity: exploring the implications of a 20-year record of asset growth in Tanzania.

Tracing Improving Livelihoods in Rural Africa Using Local Measures of Wealth: A Case Study from Central Tanzania, 1991–2016 (2018)
Journal Article
Östberg, W., Howland, O., Mduma, J., & Brockington, D. (2018). Tracing Improving Livelihoods in Rural Africa Using Local Measures of Wealth: A Case Study from Central Tanzania, 1991–2016. Land, 7(2), Article 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7020044

We studied livelihood changes and poverty dynamics over a 25-year period in two villages in central Tanzania. The villages were, from the early 1990s and 2000s, strikingly poor with between 50% and 55% of families in the poorest wealth groups. 25 yea... Read More about Tracing Improving Livelihoods in Rural Africa Using Local Measures of Wealth: A Case Study from Central Tanzania, 1991–2016.

Trauma-Related Mortality among Adults in Rural Western Kenya: Characterising Deaths Using Data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (2013)
Journal Article
Odhiambo, F. O., Beynon, C. M., Ogwang, S., Hamel, M. J., Howland, O., van Eijk, A. M., …Phillips-Howard, P. A. (2013). Trauma-Related Mortality among Adults in Rural Western Kenya: Characterising Deaths Using Data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System. PLoS ONE, 8(11), Article e79840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079840

Background Information on trauma-related deaths in low and middle income countries is limited but needed to target public health interventions. Data from a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) were examined to characterise such deaths i... Read More about Trauma-Related Mortality among Adults in Rural Western Kenya: Characterising Deaths Using Data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System.