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Evaluation of E10 and NH3 co-fuelling in a modern spark ignition engine (2023)
Book Chapter
Ambalakatte, A., Geng, S., Cairns, A., La Rocca, A., Harrington, A., Hall, J., & Bassett, M. (2023). Evaluation of E10 and NH3 co-fuelling in a modern spark ignition engine. . Taylor & Francis

Ammonia (NH3) is emerging as a potential favoured fuel for longer range decarbonised heavy transport, particularly in the marine sector, predominantly due to highly favourable characteristics as an effective hydrogen carrier. This is despite generall... Read More about Evaluation of E10 and NH3 co-fuelling in a modern spark ignition engine.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., …Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings (2022)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Liu, C., Moslemin, M., Gerada, C., & Cairns, A. (2022). Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (1163-1169). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910733

This paper aims to assess the performance of some standard cooling strategies which are commonly used in traction electric motors for electric vehicles (EVs) employing hairpin windings. The use of such type of coils does normally lead to higher power... Read More about Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings.

Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Connor, P. H., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Vakil, G., …Paciura, K. (2022). Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910649

This paper investigates the potential benefits for the use of synchronous reluctance machines for traction applications. Permanent magnet machines are often used to generate the highest power densities. However, magnet use has drawbacks including tem... Read More about Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark.

Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives (2022)
Journal Article
Cossart, G., Chen, Y., Yang, T., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., Nasir, U., …Wheeler, P. (2022). Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(4), 4148-4162. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3160153

This paper shares with the aerospace community a case study of turboprop mild hybridisation using a recently developed integrated drive system in the University of Nottingham, UK, within the ACHIEVE project under EU H2020 CleanSky 2 program (project... Read More about Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives.

Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, B., Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Yang, T., & Gerada, C. (2022). Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator. SAE Technical Papers, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0055

Permanent magnet (PM) electrical machine has far-reaching impacts in aviation electrification due to the continuous development in high power density and high efficiency electrical drives. The primary barrier to acceptance of permanent magnet machine... Read More about Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator.

A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, A., Moslemin, M., Cairns, A., Cui, M., …Gerada, C. (2022). A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(3), 3578-3593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3149786

The rapidly increasing demand on power density levels of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems is pushing the boundaries of traction motor performance. Hairpin windings are becoming a popular option for EV motors due to their reduced DC losses and impr... Read More about A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors.

Measurement of Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from GDI Engines: A Comparison of Processing Methods (2021)
Journal Article
Pfau, S. A., Haffner-Staton, E., & La Rocca, A. (2021). Measurement of Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from GDI Engines: A Comparison of Processing Methods. SAE Technical Papers, Article 2021-01-0626. https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0626

Engine research has increasingly focused on emission of sub 23 nm particulates in recent years. Likewise, current legislative efforts are being made for particulate number (PN) emission limits to include this previously omitted size range. In Europe,... Read More about Measurement of Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from GDI Engines: A Comparison of Processing Methods.

4-MW Class High-Power-Density Generator for Future Hybrid-Electric Aircraft (2021)
Journal Article
Golovanov, D., Gerada, D., Sala, G., Degano, M., Trentin, A., Connor, P. H., …Gerada, C. (2021). 4-MW Class High-Power-Density Generator for Future Hybrid-Electric Aircraft. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 7(4), 2952-2964. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3068928

This article describes the underpinning research, development, construction, and testing of a 4-MW multithree phase generator designed for a hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion system demonstrator. The aim of the work is to demonstrate gravimetric po... Read More about 4-MW Class High-Power-Density Generator for Future Hybrid-Electric Aircraft.

Improving the Saliency of a High Speed SynRel Rotor by using High Strength Martensitic Sleeve (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Ram Kumar, R. M., Vakil, G., La Rocca, A., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., & Fernandes, B. G. (2021). Improving the Saliency of a High Speed SynRel Rotor by using High Strength Martensitic Sleeve. In 2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET). https://doi.org/10.1109/sefet48154.2021.9375705

High strength magnetic steel laminations are the invariable choice to achieve the power density demands of high speed electric machines required in the automotive industry. However, the cost competitive automobile market, favours the use of conventio... Read More about Improving the Saliency of a High Speed SynRel Rotor by using High Strength Martensitic Sleeve.

Research and Realization of High-Power Medium-Voltage Active Rectifier Concepts for Future Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Generation (2020)
Journal Article
Trentin, A., Sala, G., Tarisciotti, L., Galassini, A., Degano, M., Connor, P. H., …Gerada, C. (2021). Research and Realization of High-Power Medium-Voltage Active Rectifier Concepts for Future Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Generation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68(12), 11684-11695. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.3040692

In this article, we describe the research and development of a 3 kV active rectifier for a 4 MW aerospace generator drive system demonstrator. The converter is fed by a multiphase high-speed/high-frequency permanent magnet generator. The main aim of... Read More about Research and Realization of High-Power Medium-Voltage Active Rectifier Concepts for Future Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Generation.

Influence of Airgap Length on Performance of High Power PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machines (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Zou, T., Gerada, D., Walker, A., Vakil, G., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., …Gerada, C. (2020). Influence of Airgap Length on Performance of High Power PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machines. In 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (1357-1363). https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce44975.2020.9235712

In recent years, synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). More practically, when kVA limitation is considered, embed... Read More about Influence of Airgap Length on Performance of High Power PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machines.

Thermal Design of an Integrated Inductor for 45kW Aerospace Starter-Generator (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Rocca, A. L., Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., & Wheeler, P. (2020). Thermal Design of an Integrated Inductor for 45kW Aerospace Starter-Generator

This paper presents a combined electromagnetic and thermal design of integrated inductor, for the application of a 45kW aircraft starter-generator. The inductor is designed at high current density by using the apporach ofarea product, followed by the... Read More about Thermal Design of an Integrated Inductor for 45kW Aerospace Starter-Generator.

Investigating the impact of copper leaching on combustion characteristics and particulate emissions in HPCR diesel engines (2019)
Journal Article
La Rocca, A., Ferrante, A., Haffner-Staton, E., Cairns, A., Weilhard, A., Sans, V., …Laforgia, D. (2020). Investigating the impact of copper leaching on combustion characteristics and particulate emissions in HPCR diesel engines. Fuel, 263, Article 116719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116719

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Copper leaching in diesel fuel and its impact on combustion and emission characteristics of a Direct Injection High Pressure Common Rail (DI HPCR) diesel engine was investigated. This work was performed using a single cylinder Ric... Read More about Investigating the impact of copper leaching on combustion characteristics and particulate emissions in HPCR diesel engines.

Quantifying soot nanostructures: Importance of image processing parameters for lattice fringe analysis (2019)
Journal Article
Pfau, S. A., La Rocca, A., & Fay, M. W. (2020). Quantifying soot nanostructures: Importance of image processing parameters for lattice fringe analysis. Combustion and Flame, 211, 430-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.020

Fringe analysis is a commonly used method to quantify soot nanostructures. However, the settings of the involved filters and their impact on the results are rarely addressed. In this study, the influence of the three filter parameters as well as two... Read More about Quantifying soot nanostructures: Importance of image processing parameters for lattice fringe analysis.

Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle (2019)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Al-Ani, M., …Paciura, K. (2019). Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle. In Proceedings: 2019 International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOECS46375.2019.8949929

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to carry out a fluid flow and thermal investigation of a high power dense traction machine for electric commercial vehicle. One of the features of the machine design considered is the high Length/Diameter (... Read More about Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle.

High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Kumar, R. M. R., Zou, T., La Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Walker, A., …Fernandes, B. G. (2019). High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles. In IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (1083-1088). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8927523

High power density and high torque density are the fundamental requirements for electric machines used in traction application. The former is obtained by potentially increasing the speed of the machine while the latter by using high energy density ra... Read More about High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles.

A SiC based 2-Level Power Converter for Shape-and-Space-Restricted Aerospace Applications (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Nasir, U., Chowdhury, S., La Rocca, A., Chen, Y., Yang, T., Wheeler, P., …Bozhko, S. (2019). A SiC based 2-Level Power Converter for Shape-and-Space-Restricted Aerospace Applications. In Proceedings on the 2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS) (1-7). https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDS44367.2019.8998907

Recent advancements in the power electronic device technologies, such as wide-band-gap devices including Silicon-Carbide (SiC) and Galium-Nitride (GaN), are acting as an enabling factor in development of compact power electronic systems. More specifi... Read More about A SiC based 2-Level Power Converter for Shape-and-Space-Restricted Aerospace Applications.

Numerical investigations of convective phenomena of oil impingement on end-windings (2019)
Journal Article
Connor, P. H., La Rocca, A., Xu, Z., Eastwick, C. N., Pickering, S. J., & Gerada, C. (2019). Numerical investigations of convective phenomena of oil impingement on end-windings. Journal of Engineering, 2019(17), 4022-4026. https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8027

A novel experimental rig for analysing intensive liquid cooling of highly power-dense electrical machine components has been developed. Coupled fluid flow and heat transfer have been modelled, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), to inform the d... Read More about Numerical investigations of convective phenomena of oil impingement on end-windings.

Soot in the Lubricating Oil: An Overlooked Concern for the Gasoline Direct Injection Engine? (2019)
Journal Article
Pfau, S. A., La Rocca, A., Haffner-Staton, E., Rance, G. A., Fay, M. W., & McGhee, M. (2019). Soot in the Lubricating Oil: An Overlooked Concern for the Gasoline Direct Injection Engine?. SAE Technical Papers, 2019-April, Article 2019-01-0301. https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0301

Formation of soot is a known phenomenon for diesel engines, however, only recently emerged for gasoline engines with the introduction of direct injection systems. Soot-in-oil samples from a three-cylinder turbo-charged gasoline direct injection (GDI)... Read More about Soot in the Lubricating Oil: An Overlooked Concern for the Gasoline Direct Injection Engine?.