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Comparing physical and chemical properties of soot from laboratory tests and heavy-duty engines used in field operations (2024)
Journal Article
Pacino, A., La Rocca, A., Smith, J., Berryman, J., Fowell, M., Cairns, A., & Fay, M. W. (2024). Comparing physical and chemical properties of soot from laboratory tests and heavy-duty engines used in field operations. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 18(1), Article 04-18-01-0002. https://doi.org/10.4271/04-18-01-0002

Morphology, nanostructure, and composition of soot extracted from the oil sump of different heavy-duty engines operated under dynamometer and field conditions were investigated. Soot characteristics were then compared to a carbon black sample. Soot w... Read More about Comparing physical and chemical properties of soot from laboratory tests and heavy-duty engines used in field operations.

Correlating wear with the lubricant properties of heavy-duty diesel engine oils (2024)
Journal Article
Kirkby, T., Pacino, A., Smith, J. J., Fowell, M., Berryman, J., Frennfelt, C., La Rocca, A., & Reddyhoff, T. (2024). Correlating wear with the lubricant properties of heavy-duty diesel engine oils. Tribology International, 199, Article 110018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110018

Wear volumes were correlated with the lubricant properties of 11 used, heavy duty engine oil samples. The most important oil property in predicting wear volume is Total Acid Number, TAN. Here, the TAN value may be indicating ZDDP in its oxidised form... Read More about Correlating wear with the lubricant properties of heavy-duty diesel engine oils.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., …Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, A., Moslemin, M., Cairns, A., Cui, M., …Gerada, C. (2022). A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(3), 3578-3593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3149786

The rapidly increasing demand on power density levels of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems is pushing the boundaries of traction motor performance. Hairpin windings are becoming a popular option for EV motors due to their reduced DC losses and impr... Read More about A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors.

Investigating the impact of copper leaching on combustion characteristics and particulate emissions in HPCR diesel engines (2019)
Journal Article
La Rocca, A., Ferrante, A., Haffner-Staton, E., Cairns, A., Weilhard, A., Sans, V., …Laforgia, D. (2020). Investigating the impact of copper leaching on combustion characteristics and particulate emissions in HPCR diesel engines. Fuel, 263, Article 116719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116719

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Copper leaching in diesel fuel and its impact on combustion and emission characteristics of a Direct Injection High Pressure Common Rail (DI HPCR) diesel engine was investigated. This work was performed using a single cylinder Ric... Read More about Investigating the impact of copper leaching on combustion characteristics and particulate emissions in HPCR diesel engines.

Quantifying soot nanostructures: Importance of image processing parameters for lattice fringe analysis (2019)
Journal Article
Pfau, S. A., La Rocca, A., & Fay, M. W. (2020). Quantifying soot nanostructures: Importance of image processing parameters for lattice fringe analysis. Combustion and Flame, 211, 430-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.020

Fringe analysis is a commonly used method to quantify soot nanostructures. However, the settings of the involved filters and their impact on the results are rarely addressed. In this study, the influence of the three filter parameters as well as two... Read More about Quantifying soot nanostructures: Importance of image processing parameters for lattice fringe analysis.

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black (2018)
Journal Article
Pfau, S., La Roca, A., Haffner-Staton, E., Rance, G., Fay, M., Brough, R., & Malizia, S. (2018). Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black. Carbon, 139, 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.06.050

Two gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) and two diesel soot-in-oil samples were compared with one flame-generated soot sample. High resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging was employed for the initial qualitative assessment of t... Read More about Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black.

Progress towards a methodology for high throughput 3D reconstruction of soot nanoparticles via electron tomography (2018)
Journal Article
Haffner-Staton, E., La Rocca, A., & Fay, M. (2018). Progress towards a methodology for high throughput 3D reconstruction of soot nanoparticles via electron tomography. Journal of Microscopy, 270(3), 272-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12680

The aim of this work is to make progress towards the development of 3D reconstruction as a legitimate alternative to traditional 2D characterisation of soot. Time constraints are the greatest opposition to its implementation, as currently reconstruct... Read More about Progress towards a methodology for high throughput 3D reconstruction of soot nanoparticles via electron tomography.

Characterisation of flame-generated soot and soot-in-oil using electron tomography volume reconstructions and comparison with traditional 2D-TEM measurements (2016)
Journal Article
Orhan, O., Haffner-Staton, E., La Rocca, A., & Fay, M. (2016). Characterisation of flame-generated soot and soot-in-oil using electron tomography volume reconstructions and comparison with traditional 2D-TEM measurements. Tribology International, 104, 272-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.09.015

This work characterises soot nanoparticles by electron tomography using Weighted Back Projection algorithm and appraises the uncertainties in two-dimensional calculations by comparison with 3D parameters for flame-generated soot and diesel soot-in-oi... Read More about Characterisation of flame-generated soot and soot-in-oil using electron tomography volume reconstructions and comparison with traditional 2D-TEM measurements.

Soot-in-oil 3D volume reconstruction through the use of electron tomography: an introductory study (2015)
Journal Article
La Rocca, A., Campbell, J., Fay, M., & Orhan, O. (2016). Soot-in-oil 3D volume reconstruction through the use of electron tomography: an introductory study. Tribology Letters, 61(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0625-z

Understanding soot nanoparticle interaction with oil additives and the causes of soot-induced thickening would assist in lubricant formulation, prolonging engine life and improving engine efficiency. Three-dimensional measurement of soot structures i... Read More about Soot-in-oil 3D volume reconstruction through the use of electron tomography: an introductory study.

Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy (2015)
Journal Article
La Rocca, A., Bonatesta, F., Fay, M., & Campanella, F. (2015). Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Tribology International, 86, 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.01.025

In this work, an investigation of soot-in-oil samples drawn from the oil sump of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was carried out. Soot particulate was characterised in terms of size, distribution and shape of the agglomerates, and internal s... Read More about Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis platform for the measurement of soot-in-oil agglomerates from automotive engines (2013)
Journal Article
La Rocca, A., Di Liberto, G., Shayler, P., Parmenter, C., & Fay, M. (2014). Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis platform for the measurement of soot-in-oil agglomerates from automotive engines. Tribology International, 70, 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.09.018

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) has been applied to characterising soot agglomerates of particles and compared with Transmission Electron Microscoscopy (TEM). Soot nanoparticles were extracted from used oil drawn from the sump of a light duty au... Read More about Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis platform for the measurement of soot-in-oil agglomerates from automotive engines.