Think aloud: using cognitive interviewing to validate the PISA assessment of student self-efficacy in mathematics

Pepper, David; Hodgen, Jeremy; Lamesoo, Katri; K�iv, Pille; Tolboom, Jos

Abstract

Cognitive interviewing (CI) provides a method of systematically collecting validity evidence of response processes for questionnaire items. CI involves a range of techniques for prompting individuals to verbalise their responses to items. One such technique is concurrent verbalisation, as developed in Think Aloud Protocol (TAP). This article investigates the value of the technique for validating questionnaire items administered to young people in international surveys. To date, the literature on TAP has focused on allaying concerns about reactivity – whether response processes are affected by thinking aloud. This article investigates another concern, namely the completeness of concurrent verbalisations – the extent to which respondents verbalise their response processes.
An independent, exploratory validation of the PISA assessment of student self-efficacy in mathematics by a small international team of researchers using CI with concurrent verbalisation in four education systems (England, Estonia, Hong Kong, and the Netherlands) provided the basis for this investigation. The researchers found that students generally thought aloud in response to each of the items, thereby providing validity evidence of responses processes varying within and between the education systems, but that practical steps could be taken to increase the completeness of concurrent verbalisations in future validations.

Citation

Pepper, D., Hodgen, J., Lamesoo, K., Kõiv, P., & Tolboom, J. (in press). Think aloud: using cognitive interviewing to validate the PISA assessment of student self-efficacy in mathematics. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2016.1238891

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 22, 2016
• Online Publication Date: Oct 13, 2016
• Deposit Date: Nov 11, 2016
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 11, 2016
• Journal: International Journal of Research & Method in Education
• Print ISSN: 1743-727X
• Electronic ISSN: 1743-7288
• Publisher: Routledge
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2016.1238891
• Keywords: Cognitive interviewing, think aloud, validation, assessment, PISA, international, self-efficacy, mathematics
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/823624
• Publisher URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1743727X.2016.1238891
• Contract Date: Nov 11, 2016