Ellen B. Fragaszy
Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study
Fragaszy, Ellen B.; Warren-Gash, Charlotte; Wang, Lili; Copas, Andrew; Dukes, Oliver; Edmunds, W. John; Goonetilleke, Nile; Harvey, Gabrielle; Johnson, Anne M.; Kovar, Jana; Lim, Megan S.C.; McMichael, Andrew; Millett, Elizabeth R.C.; Nazareth, Irwin; Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan; Tabassum, Faiza; Watson, John M.; Wurie, Fatima; Zambon, Maria; Hayward, Andrew C.
Authors
Charlotte Warren-Gash
Lili Wang
Andrew Copas
Oliver Dukes
W. John Edmunds
Nile Goonetilleke
Gabrielle Harvey
Anne M. Johnson
Jana Kovar
Megan S.C. Lim
Andrew McMichael
Elizabeth R.C. Millett
Irwin Nazareth
JONATHAN NGUYEN-VAN-TAM Jonathan.Nguyen-Van-tam1@nottingham.ac.uk
Senior Strategy Adviser
Faiza Tabassum
John M. Watson
Fatima Wurie
Maria Zambon
Andrew C. Hayward
Abstract
Influenza is a common, highly contagious respiratory virus which infects all age groups, causing a range of outcomes from asymptomatic infection and mild respiratory disease to severe respiratory disease and death.1 If infected, the adaptive immune system produces a humoral (antibody) and cell-mediated (T cell) immune response to fight the infection.2 Influenza viruses continually evolve through antigenic drift, resulting in slightly different ‘seasonal’ influenza strains circulating each year. Population-level antibody immunity to these seasonal viruses builds up over time, so in any given season only a proportion of the population is susceptible to the circulating strains. Occasionally, influenza A viruses evolve rapidly through antigenic shift by swapping genes with influenza viruses usually circulating in animals. This process creates an immunologically distinct virus to which the population may have little to no antibody immunity. The virus can result in a pandemic if a large portion of the population is susceptible and the virus is easily spread.
Citation
Fragaszy, E. B., Warren-Gash, C., Wang, L., Copas, A., Dukes, O., Edmunds, W. J., …Hayward, A. C. (in press). Cohort profile: the Flu Watch Study. International Journal of Epidemiology, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv370
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Dec 9, 2015 |
Online Publication Date | Mar 3, 2016 |
Deposit Date | Jul 6, 2016 |
Publicly Available Date | Mar 29, 2024 |
Journal | International Journal of Epidemiology |
Print ISSN | 0300-5771 |
Electronic ISSN | 0300-5771 |
Publisher | Oxford University Press |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv370 |
Public URL | https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/781531 |
Publisher URL | http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/03/02/ije.dyv370 |
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Copyright Statement
Copyright information regarding this work can be found at the following address: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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