Elemental composition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) under low input systems of southern Brazil

Motta, Ant�nio Carlos Vargas; Barbosa, Julierme Zimmer; Magri, Ederlan; Pedreira, Guilherme Quaresma; Santin, Delmar; Prior, Stephen Arthur; Consalter, Rangel; Young, Scott D.; Broadley, Martin R.; Benedetti, Eliziane Luiza

Abstract

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Elemental composition of food can be used to determine nutritional potential as well as guiding legislation for establishing maximum acceptable limits (MAL) of metals in consumption products. This study aimed to determine the elemental background levels of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) under varied geologic formations in southern Brazil. Mature leaves were randomly collected from four wild-grown plants at thirty native sites in three states and analyzed for 32 elements. Since yerba mate is not washed to obtain the final product, leaves were analyzed with and without washing to assess foliar deposition. Concentration values of As, Ag, Be, Cs, Cr, Li, Se, Tl, U, and V were near detection limits, indicating low potential as a source and/or toxicity to the consumer. Washing decreased concentrations of Fe, Ti, As, Mo, Li, V, and Pb, suggesting atmospheric contributions/dust deposition. Concentrations of Mn (very high), Zn (high), and Ni (high) demonstrated that leaves could be an important source of these elements. Soil parent material affected elemental composition with basalt providing higher concentrations of Mn, P, and Co while Rhyodacite provided higher concentrations of K and Na. All samples exhibited Pb values below the MAL of 0.6 mg kg−1, but 23% of washed leaves and 20% of unwashed leaves had Cd concentrations close to or above the MAL value of 0.4 mg kg−1. Study results indicated that Cd MAL values for yerba mate in southern Brazil should be reassessed.

Citation

Motta, A. C. V., Barbosa, J. Z., Magri, E., Pedreira, G. Q., Santin, D., Prior, S. A., …Benedetti, E. L. (2020). Elemental composition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) under low input systems of southern Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 736, Article 139637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139637

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 21, 2020
• Online Publication Date: May 23, 2020
• Publication Date: Sep 20, 2020
• Deposit Date: May 26, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: May 24, 2021
• Journal: Science of the Total Environment
• Print ISSN: 0048-9697
• Electronic ISSN: 1879-1026
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 736
• Article Number: 139637
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139637
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4513029
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720331570