The Classification of Minor Gait Alterations Using Wearable Sensors and Deep Learning

Turner, Alexander; Hayes, Stephen

Abstract

Objective: This paper describes how non-invasive wearable sensors can be used in combination with deep learning to classify artificially induced gait alterations without the requirement for a medical professional or gait analyst to be present. This approach is motivated by the goal of diagnosing gait abnormalities on a symptom-by-symptom basis, irrespective of other neuromuscular movement disorders the patients may be affected by. This could lead to improvements in treatment and offer a greater insight into movement disorders. Methods: In-shoe pressure was measured for 12 able-bodied participants, each subject to eight artificially induced gait alterations, achieved by modifying the underside of the shoe. The data were recorded at 100 Hz over 2520 data channels and were analyzed using the deep learning architecture and the long term short term memory networks. Additionally, the rationale for the decision-making process of these networks was investigated. Conclusion: Long term short term memory networks are applicable to the classification of the gait function. The classifications can be made using only 2 s of sparse data (82.0% accuracy over 96 000 instances of test data) from participants who were not a part of the training set. Significance: This paper provides potential for the gait function to be accurately classified using non-invasive techniques, and at more regular intervals, outside of a clinical setting, without the need for healthcare professionals to be present.

Citation

Turner, A., & Hayes, S. (2019). The Classification of Minor Gait Alterations Using Wearable Sensors and Deep Learning. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 66(11), 3136-3145. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2900863

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Feb 17, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Feb 21, 2019
• Publication Date: 2019-11
• Deposit Date: Nov 18, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 24, 2020
• Journal: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
• Print ISSN: 0018-9294
• Electronic ISSN: 1558-2531
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 66
• Issue: 11
• Pages: 3136-3145
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2900863
• Keywords: Biomedical Engineering
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4066564
• Publisher URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=8876738
• Additional Information: © 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.