Yoga programme for type 2 diabetes prevention (YOGA-DP) among high-risk people in India: a multi-center feasibility randomized controlled trial

Chattopadhyay, Kaushik; Mishra, Pallavi; Singh, Kavita; Singh, Kalpana; Harris, Tess; Hamer, Mark; Greenfield, Sheila Margaret; Manjunath, Nandi Krishnamurthy; Nair, Rukamani; Mukherjee, Somnath; Tandon, Nikhil; Lewis, Sarah Anne; Kinra, Sanjay

Abstract

Introduction
Many Indians are at high-risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The blood glucose level can be improved through a healthy lifestyle (such as physical activity and a healthy diet). Yoga can help in T2DM prevention, being a culturally appropriate approach to improving lifestyle. We developed a Yoga programme for T2DM prevention (YOGA-DP), a 24-week structured lifestyle education and exercise (Yoga) program that included 27 group Yoga sessions and self-practice of Yoga at home. In this study, the feasibility of undertaking a definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) was explored that will evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness among high-risk individuals in India.

Methods
A multi-center, two-arm, parallel-group, feasibility RCT was conducted in India. The outcome assessors and data analysts were blinded. Adults with a fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL (i.e., at high-risk of T2DM) were eligible. Participants were randomized centrally using a computer-generated randomization schedule. In the intervention group, participants received YOGA-DP. In the control group, participants received enhanced standard care.

Results
In this feasibility trial, the recruitment of participants took 4 months (from May to September 2019). We screened 711 people and assessed 160 for eligibility. Sixty-five participants (33 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group) were randomized, and 57 (88%) participants were followed up for 6 months (32 in the intervention group and 25 in the control group). In the intervention group, the group Yoga sessions were continuously attended by 32 (97%) participants (median (interquartile range (IQR)) number of sessions attended = 27 (3)). In the intervention group, Yoga was self-practiced at home by 30 (91%) participants (median (IQR) number of days/week and minutes/day self-practiced = 2 (2) and 35 (15), respectively). In the control group, one (3%) participant attended external Yoga sessions (on Pranayama) for one week during the feasibility trial period. There was no serious adverse event.

Conclusions
The participant recruitment and follow-up and adherence to the intervention were promising in this feasibility study. In the control group, the potential contamination was low. Therefore, it should be feasible to undertake a definitive RCT in the future that will evaluate YOGA-DP’s effectiveness among high-risk people in India.

Citation

Chattopadhyay, K., Mishra, P., Singh, K., Singh, K., Harris, T., Hamer, M., …Kinra, S. (in press). Yoga programme for type 2 diabetes prevention (YOGA-DP) among high-risk people in India: a multi-center feasibility randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Therapy,

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 8, 2023
• Deposit Date: Mar 17, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 17, 2023
• Journal: Diabetes Therapy
• Print ISSN: 1869-6953
• Electronic ISSN: 1869-6961
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Keywords: Blood glucose; diet; feasibility study; lifestyle; Yoga; physical activity; prediabetes; prevention; randomized controlled trial
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/18528683
• Publisher URL: https://www.springer.com/journal/13300