Physiological and Molecular Responses to Altered Sodium Intake in Rat Pregnancy

Eisele, Nicole; Klossner, Rahel; Escher, Geneviéve; Rudloff, Stefan; Larionov, Alexey; Theillg, Franziska; Mohaupt, Markus G.; Mistry, Hiten D.; Gennari-Moser, Carine

Abstract

Background

In pregnancy, a high plasma volume maintains uteroplacental perfusion and prevents placental ischemia, a condition linked to elevated maternal blood pressure (BP). Reducing BP by increasing Na+ intake via plasma volume expansion appears contra‐intuitive. We hypothesize that an appropriate Na+ intake in pregnancy reduces maternal BP and adapts the renin‐angiotensin system in a pregnancy‐specific manner.

Methods and Results

BP was measured by implanted telemetry in Sprague‐Dawley rats before and throughout pregnancy. Pregnant and nonpregnant animals received either a normal‐salt (0.4%; NS), high‐salt (8%; HS), or low‐salt (0.01%; LS) diet, or HS (days 1–14) followed by LS (days 14–20) diet (HS/LS). Before delivery (day 20), animals were euthanized and organs collected. Food, water, and Na+ intake were monitored in metabolic cages, and urinary creatinine and Na+ were analyzed. Na+ intake and retention increased in pregnancy (NS, LS), leading to a positive Na+ balance (NS, LS). BP was stable during LS, but reduced in HS conditions in pregnancy. The renin‐angiotensin system was adapted as expected. Activating cleavage of α‐ and γ‐subunits of the renal epithelial Na+ channel and expression of‐full length medullary β‐subunits, accentuated further in all LS conditions, were upregulated in pregnancy.

Conclusions

Pregnancy led to Na+ retention adapted to dietary changes. HS exposure paradoxically reduced BP. Na+ uptake while only modestly linked to the renin‐angiotensin system is enhanced in the presence of posttranslational renal epithelial Na+ channel modifications. This suggests (1) storage of Na+ in pregnancy upon HS exposure, bridging periods of LS availability; and (2) that potentially non–renin‐angiotensin–related mechanisms participate in ENaC activation and consecutive Na+ retention.

Citation

Eisele, N., Klossner, R., Escher, G., Rudloff, S., Larionov, A., Theillg, F., …Gennari-Moser, C. (2018). Physiological and Molecular Responses to Altered Sodium Intake in Rat Pregnancy. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(15), Article e008363. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.117.008363

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 7, 2018
• Online Publication Date: Jul 28, 2018
• Publication Date: Aug 7, 2018
• Deposit Date: Aug 15, 2018
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 15, 2018
• Journal: Journal of the American Heart Association
• Electronic ISSN: 2047-9980
• Publisher: Wiley Open Access
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 7
• Issue: 15
• Article Number: e008363
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.117.008363
• Keywords: Ion transport; Kidney; Physiology; Pregnancy; Renin angiotensin system
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1034341
• Publisher URL: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.117.008363