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Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article

Background

The calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that function in a variety of important cellular functions, including signalling, motility, apoptosis and survival. In breast cancer high calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression has been asso... Read More about Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer.

High-grade encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an under-recognized entity (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Varga, Z., Elsheik, S., & Ellis, I. O. (2015). High-grade encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an under-recognized entity. Histopathology, 66(5), 740-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12591

Aims
Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a recognized special type of breast carcinoma. Despite compelling evidence indicating its invasive nature, although not of a conventional form, the current consensus is to manage EPC as an in‐situ disea... Read More about High-grade encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast: an under-recognized entity.

Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Caracappa, D., Benhasouna, A. A., Alshareeda, A., Nolan, C. C., Macmillan, R. D., …Rakha, E. A. (2015). Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 149(2), 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3230-1

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a key facilitator of DNA repair. PARP inhibitors have gained recent attention as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumours including breast cancer (BC). However, the biological and clinic... Read More about Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer.

Novel mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in melanoma – V600E B-Raf reversion and switching VEGF-A splice isoform expression (2014)
Journal Article
Beazley Long, N., Gaston, K., Harper, S. J., Orlando, A., & Bates, D. O. (2015). Novel mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in melanoma – V600E B-Raf reversion and switching VEGF-A splice isoform expression. American Journal of Cancer Research, 5(1), 433--441

Targeting activating mutations in the proto-oncogene B-Raf, in melanoma, has led to increases in progression free survival. Treatment with vemurafenib, which inhibits the most common activating-mutated form of B-Raf (B-RafV600E), eventually results i... Read More about Novel mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in melanoma – V600E B-Raf reversion and switching VEGF-A splice isoform expression.

MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers (2014)
Journal Article
Jackson, B. L., Grabowska, A., & Ratan, H. L. (2014). MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers. BMC Cancer, 14(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-930

Background
This non-systematic review article aims to summarise the progress made in understanding the functional consequences of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in prostate cancer development, and the identification of potential miRNA targets as ser... Read More about MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers.

Updated UK recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Pinder, S. E., Bartlett, J. M., Ibrahim, M., Starczynski, J., Carder, P. J., …Ellis, I. O. (2015). Updated UK recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 68(2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202571

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is present in approximately 15% of early invasive breast cancers, and is an important predictive and prognostic marker. The substantial benefits achieved with anti-HER2 targeted therapies... Read More about Updated UK recommendations for HER2 assessment in breast cancer.

Inclusion of KI67 significantly improves performance of the PREDICT prognostication and prediction model for early breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Wishart, G. C., Rakha, E., Green, A., Ellis, I., Ali, H. R., Provenzano, E., …Pharoah, P. D. (2014). Inclusion of KI67 significantly improves performance of the PREDICT prognostication and prediction model for early breast cancer. BMC Cancer, 14(1), Article 908. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-908

Background

PREDICT (http://www.predict.nhs.uk) is a prognostication and treatment benefit tool for early breast cancer (EBC). The aim of this study was to incorporate the prognostic effect of KI67 status in a new version (v3), and compare performa... Read More about Inclusion of KI67 significantly improves performance of the PREDICT prognostication and prediction model for early breast cancer.

Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a multi-institutional study (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Tan, P. H., Varga, Z., Tse, G. M., Shaaban, A. M., Climent, F., …Chan, T. (2015). Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a multi-institutional study. British Journal of Cancer, 112(2), 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.592

Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of breast cancer that has basal-like characteristics and is perceived
to have poorer prognosis when compared with conventional no specific type/ductal carcinomas (ductal/NST). However, cu... Read More about Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a multi-institutional study.