@article { , title = {Dynamic Response of Orthogonal Three-Dimensional Woven Carbon Composite Beams under Soft Impact}, abstract = {© 2015 by ASME. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the dynamic response of three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven carbon composites undergoing soft impact. Composite beams of two different fiber architectures, varying only by the density of through-thickness reinforcement, were centrally impacted by metallic foam projectiles. Using high-speed photography, the center-point back-face deflection was measured as a function of projectile impulse. Qualitative comparisons are made with a similar unidirectional (UD) laminate material. No visible delamination occurred in orthogonal 3D woven samples, and beam failure was caused by tensile fiber fracture at the gripped ends. This contrasts with UD carbon-fiber laminates, which exhibit a combination of widespread delamination and tensile fracture. Post impact clamped-clamped beam bending tests were undertaken across the range of impact velocities tested to investigate any internal damage within the material. Increasing impact velocity caused a reduction of beam stiffness: this phenomenon was more pronounced in composites with a higher density of through-thickness reinforcement. A three-dimensional finite-element modeling strategy is presented and validated, showing excellent agreement with the experiment in terms of back-face deflection and damage mechanisms. The numerical analyses confirm negligible influence from through-thickness reinforcement in regard to back-face deflection, but show significant reductions in delamination damage propagation. Finite-element modeling was used to demonstrate the significant structural enhancements provided by the through-The-thickness (TTT) weave. The contributions to the field made by this research include the characterization of 3D woven composite materials under high-speed soft impact, and the demonstration of how established finite-element modeling methodologies can be applied to the simulation of orthogonal woven textile composite materials undergoing soft-impact loading.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4031455}, eissn = {1528-9036}, issn = {0021-8936}, issue = {12}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME}, note = {Article is accepted manuscript. Author contacted. Will need to add volume, issue no. and pages and amend URL if it changes on publication. Please retain copyright information below. KJB 28.08.15 See ASME copyright policy from: http://journaltool.asme.org/Content/AuthorResources.cfm RETAINED RIGHTS OF AUTHORS Authors retain all proprietary rights in any idea, process, procedure, or articles of manufacture described in the Paper, including the right to seek patent protection for them. Authors may perform, lecture, teach, conduct related research, display all or part of the Paper, and create derivative works in print or electronic format. Authors may reproduce and distribute the Paper for non-commercial purposes only. Non-commercial applies only to the sale of the paper per se. For all copies of the Paper made by Authors, Authors must acknowledge ASME as original publisher and include the names of all author(s), the publication title, and an appropriate copyright notice that identifies ASME as the copyright holder. School:Eng3,}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers}, url = {https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/754300}, volume = {82}, year = {2015}, author = {Turner, Paul and Liu, Tao and Zeng, Xuesen} }