@article { , title = {Immunological and pathological effects of electronic cigarettes}, abstract = {© 2019 The Authors. Basic \& Clinical Pharmacology \& Toxicology published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society). Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are considered a preferable alternative to conventional cigarettes due to the lack of combustion and the absence of tobacco-specific toxicants. E-cigarettes have rapidly gained in popularity in recent years amongst both existing smokers and previous non-smokers. However, a growing literature demonstrates that E-cigarettes are not as safe as generally believed. Here, we discuss the immunological, and other, deleterious effects of E-cigarettes on a variety of cell types and host defence mechanisms in humans and in murine models. We review not only the effects of complete E-cigarette liquids, but also each of the main components—nicotine, humectants and flavourings. This MiniReview thus highlights the possible role of E-cigarettes in the pathogenesis of disease and raises awareness of the potential harm that E-cigarettes may cause.}, doi = {10.1111/bcpt.13225}, eissn = {1742-7843}, issn = {1742-7835}, issue = {3}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology}, pages = {237-252}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Wiley}, url = {https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1620903}, volume = {125}, keyword = {Toxicology, Pharmacology, General Medicine}, year = {2019}, author = {Chen, I. Ling and Todd, Ian and Fairclough, Lucy C.} }